Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pesticide Law and Compliance Decision Making

  • 158 Accesses

Abstract

According to China’s top legislator at the time, Wu Bangguo, China had largely resolved the problem of having no laws to follow; moreover, it had established a complete set of laws covering every area of economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development in the country.

The vitality of the law is its implementation. The problem of compliance and enforcement in China are now more pronounced and pressing

Wu Bangguo (Wu Bangguo, former chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC-SC), emphasized that in the 2nd plenary meeting of the 4th Session of the 11th National People’s Congress (NPC) in 2010)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See Jerome A. Cohen. “Law Unto Itself”. South China Morning Post, on 30 March, 2011, http://usali.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/2011.3.30-SCMP-Cohen-Law-unto-itself.pdf.

  2. 2.

    On 17 January 1986, Deng Xiaoping, one of the former Chinese leaders, gave a talk at the meeting of the Central Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC) and proposed that it is necessary to have “two hands” for achieving the “four modernizations”, with one hand developing the economy and the other strengthening the legal system.

  3. 3.

    See The New York Times. “Costs of Environmental Damage in China Growing Rapidly Amid Industrialization.”, on 29 March 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/world/asia/cost-of-environmental-degradation-in-china-is-growing.html?ref=asia.

  4. 4.

    See The New York Times. “Air Pollution Linked to 1.2 Million Premature Deaths in China.”, on 1 April 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/world/asia/air-pollution-linked-to-1-2-million-deaths-in-china.html?_r=0.

  5. 5.

    See China Daily. “KFC Supplier Used Excessive Additives in Chicken Feed.”, on 21 December 2012, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-12/21/content_16037397.htm.

  6. 6.

    See An Baijie (China Daily). “Mining Company Blamed for Blast”, on 11 September 2012, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-09/11/content_15748563.htm.

  7. 7.

    See David Butcher. “What Chinese IP Violations Cost the U.S.”, on 2 August 2011, http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/2011/08/02/what-chinese-intellectual-property-violations-cost-american-businesses-economy/.

  8. 8.

    See CCTV.com. “Corruption Cases in 2012.”, on 1 September 2013, http://english.cntv.cn/program/china24/20130109/108159.shtml.

  9. 9.

    More details about recent compliance studies in China will be discussed in Sect. 1.2.

  10. 10.

    Ibid.

  11. 11.

    The West is often used in opposition to the East. Here it mainly refers to countries with more advanced economies, e.g., countries in North America and Western Europe, Japan and Korea in Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

  12. 12.

    There is no universally approved criterion for what makes a country developing or developed. For the sake of clarity, this study only focuses on the economic indicator. The developed economies are often countries with more advanced economies, e.g., countries in North America and Western Europe, Japan and Korea in Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Other countries (including China) are normally referred to as countries with developing economies.

  13. 13.

    For more examples and details, please see Chaps. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

  14. 14.

    See Chap. 6.

  15. 15.

    See Chap. 2 for the detailed theoretical framework developed for this dissertation.

  16. 16.

    Ibid.

  17. 17.

    For more details about the chosen pesticide behaviors as proxies as well as their advantages, please see Sect. 2.3.4 in Chap. 2.

  18. 18.

    Here DRC refers to Development Research Centre of the State Council. In 2004, DRC and the State Council organized researchers and experts in more than 50 institutions to conduct the “China’s Food Safety Strategy” project. This project published several reports and academic papers, including a book entitled Zhonguo Shipin Anquan Celue Yanjiu (China’s Food Safety Strategy Research) which provides ample information for policymakers.

  19. 19.

    It was issued by the former Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery (MAAHF, which is now called the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) after the institutional restructuring of the State Council in 1988) and Ministry of Health (MOH) on June 5, 1982, and went into effect on the date of publication.

  20. 20.

    For more details, please see A1, Part A in the Appendix. There are many local rules and regulations at the provincial, autonomous regional, municipal, city and county levels, and here Hunan province is taken as an example.

  21. 21.

    For more details about the three aspects, please see Sects. 2.2.3 and 2.2.4.

  22. 22.

    Such a regulatory system consists of vertical (tiao) and horizontal (kuai) responsibilities and authorities (Van Rooij 2006b: pp. 267–268; Mertha 2009). Specifically, “tiao” refers to the vertical lines of authority and is functionally coordinated; “kuai” refers to the horizontal level of authority and is mainly coordinated in line with the locality it governs (Lieberthal 1997).

  23. 23.

    For more details about the relevant divisions and their responsibilities, please see A2, Part A in the Appendix.

  24. 24.

    For more details, please see Articles 3, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Nongchanpin Zhiilang Anquan Fa (Law of the People’s Republic of China of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products), and Article 5, Nongyao Guanli Tiaoli (Regulations on Pesticide Administration).

  25. 25.

    See Chap. 2.

  26. 26.

    Ibid.

  27. 27.

    The theoretical framework and research methods are detailed in Chap. 2.

  28. 28.

    See Chap. 6.

  29. 29.

    See Chap. 3.

  30. 30.

    See Chap. 5.

References

  • Bischoff, Werner E., Tammy M. Reynolds, Curtis N. Sessler, Michael B. Edmond, and Richard P. Wenzel. 2000. Handwashing compliance by health care workers: The impact of introducing an accessible, alcohol-based hand antiseptic. Archives of Internal Medicine 160(7): 1017–1021

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite Valerie, John Braithwaite, Diane Gibson, and Toni Makkai. 1994. Regulatory styles, motivational postures and nursing home compliance. Law & Policy 16(4): 363–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, Valerie,Kristina Murphy, and Monika Reinhart. 2007. Taxation threat, motivational postures, and responsive regulation. Law & Policy 29(1): 137–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, Jeff T., and John T. Scholz. 1991. Beyond deterrence: Behavioral decision theory and tax compliance. Law & Society Review 25(4): 821–844.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Jianfu. 2008. Chinese law: Context and transformation. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding, Yisheng, and Qingchun Li. 2004. Gongmin Weishenme Zunshou Falv-Pinglun Xifang Xuezhe Guanyu Gongmin Shoufa Liyou de Lilun (Why citizens obey the law: An review of western scholars’ citizens’ compliance theory). Faxue Pinglun (Legal Review) 22(1): 19–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershon, Robyn R.M., David Vlahov, Sarah A. Felknor, Donald Vesley, Philip C. Johnson, George L. Delcios, and Lawrence R. Murphy. 1995. Compliance with universal precautions among health care workers at three regional hospitals. American Journal of Infection Control 23(4): 225–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Wayne B., and Carol Adaire Jones. 1991. Longitudinal patterns of compliance with occupational safety and health administration health and safety regulations in the manufacturing sector. Journal of Human Resources 26(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, Garry C., and Susan S. Silbey. 2012. 6. The other side of the compliance relationship. Explaining compliance: business responses to regulation, edited by Christine Parker and Vibeke Lehman Nielsen: 123–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunningham, Neil,  R.A. Kagan , and D. Thornton. 2003. Shades of green: Business. Stanford university Press, Regulation and Environment (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao, Manyan. 2011. Lun Woguo Shipin Anquan Xingzheng Jianguan Buzuowei Jiqi Falv Duice (An analysis of food safety administrative enforcement omission and its legal solutions). Master thesis of Central South University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, Bob E., Jill Perander, Tara Smecko, and Jennifer Trask. 1998. Measuring perceptions of workplace safety: Development and validation of the work safety scale. Journal of Safety Research 29(3): 145–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henson, Spencer and Michael Heasman. 1998. Food safety regulation and the firm: Understanding the compliance process. Food Policy 23(1): 9–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutter, Bridget M., and Tola Amodu. 2009. Risk regulation and compliance: Food safety in the UK. London school of economics and political science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei, Genqiang, and Shen Feng. 2002. Jianlun Shuishou Zuncong Chengben (a brief analysis of costs of tax compliance). Shuiwu Yanjiu (Tax Studies) 7: 41–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Linmu. 2004. Shuishou Zuncong de Lilun Fenxi yu Zhengce Xuanze (Tax compliance: theoretical analysis and policy options). A doctoral dissertation of Xiamen University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Wanxin and Krzysztof Michalak. 2008. Environmental compliance and enforcement in China. In Governance, risk, and compliance handbook: Technology, finance, environmental, and international guidance and best practices, ed. Anthony Tarantino: 379–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieberthal, Kenneth. 1997. China’s governing system and its impact on environmental policy implementation. China Environment Series 1: 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, Shan. 2009. Gongmin Shoufa Chengyin (An analysis of citizens’ compliance reasons). Renmin Luntan (People’s Forum) 30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Yongai. 2002. Nashuiren Zuncong Lilun Jiqi Jiejian Yiyi (The theory of tax compliance and its significance). Zhejiang Shuren Daxue Xuebao (Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University) 2(2): 28–31. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, Xiaoying and Leonard Ortolano. 2000. Environmental regulation in China: Institutions, enforcement, and compliance. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Peter J. 2004. Compliance motivations: Affirmative and negative bases. Law & Society Review 38(1): 41–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Peter J. 2005. Compliance motivations: Perspectives of farmers, homebuilders, and marine facilities. Law & Policy 27(2): 317–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, Lesley K., Benjamin Van Rooij and Robert A. Kagan. 2010. Reorienting regulation: Pollution enforcement in industrializing countries. Law & Policy 32(1): 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertha, Andrew. 2009. Fragmented authoritarianism 2.0: Political pluralization in the Chinese policy process. The China Quarterly 200: 995–1012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngowi, A.V.F., T.J. Mbise, A.S.M. Ijani, L. London, and O.C. Ajayi. 2007. Smallholder vegetable farmers in Northern Tanzania: Pesticides use practices, perceptions, cost and health effects. Crop Protection 26(11): 1617–1624.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. 2006. Environmental compliance and enforcement in China: An assessment of current practices and ways forward, http://www.oecd.org/env/outreach/37867511.pdf.

  • OECD. 2009. Ensuring environmental compliance: Trends and good practices, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/ensuring-environmental-compliance_9789264059597-en.

  • Parker, Christine, and Vibeke Lehmann Nielson. 2012a. Explaining compliance: business responses to regulation. Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, Christine, and Vibeke Lehmann Nielson. 2012b. 1. Introduction. Explaining regulatory compliance: Business responses to regulation, 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pontell, Henry N. 1978. Deterrence theory versus practice. Criminology 16(1): 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoton, William W. 1980. A procedure to improve compliance with coal mine safety regulations. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 2(4): 243–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rooij Van, and CARLOS WING‐HUNG LO. 2010. Fragile convergence: Understanding variation in the enforcement of China's industrial pollution law. Law & Policy 32(1): 14–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, John T and Neil Pinney. 1995. Duty, fear, and tax compliance: The heuristic basis of citizenship behavior. American Journal of Political Science: 490–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, Dorothy, Neil Gunningham, and Robert A. Kagan. 2005. General deterrence and corporate environmental behavior. Law & Policy 27(2): 262–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, Tom R. 1990. Why people obey the law. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Meer, Cornelius. 2006. China's compliance with food safety requirements for fruits and vegetables: Promoting food safety, competitiveness, and poverty reduction. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Rooij, Benjamin. 2006a. Implementation of Chinese environmental law: Regular enforcement and political campaigns. Development and Change 37(1): 57–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Rooij, Benjamin. 2006b. Regulating land and pollution in China, lawmaking, compliance, and enforcement: Theory and cases. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Rooij, Benjamin. 2013a. Deterrence without enforcement dialogues with Chinese lawyers about tax evasion and compliance, a paper presented on the Third East Asian Law & Society Conference which was organized by the Collaborative Research Network: East Asian Law and Society (EALS) and the SJTU Law and Society Center in Shanghai on 22-23 March 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Rooij, Benjamin. 2013b. Compliance as process: A micro approach to regulatory implementation. On file with the author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Hua, Nlandu Mamingi, Benoit Laplante, and Susmita Dasgupta. 2003. Incomplete enforcement of pollution regulation: Bargaining power of Chinese factories. Environmental and Resource Economics 24(3): 245–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, Michael. 2005a. Misperceptions of social norms about tax compliance: From theory to intervention. Journal of Economic Psychology 26(6): 862–883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, Michael. 2005b. Motivation or rationalization? Causal relations between ethics, norms and tax compliance. Journal of Economic Psychology 26(4): 491–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter, Soren C. and Peter J. May. 2001. Motivation for compliance with environmental regulations. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 20(4): 675–698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Yahui. 2011. Lun Shoufa de Luoji−Jiyu Fa Jingjixue Fenxi Fanshi (An analysis of the logic of compliance: Based on an analytical pattern of legal economy). Guangdong Shangxueyuan Xuebao (A Journal of Guangdong College of Commerce) 26(2): 83–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, Wen. 2012. Ruhe Tisheng Huanbao Zhifa Nengli? (how to improve environmental enforcement capacity?). Huanjing Jingji (Environmental Economy) 7: 57–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Lingyun. 2011. Gongmin Shoufa Wenti Yanjiu (A Research on Citizen’s Compliance Issue). A Master thesis of Liaoning Normal University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yapp, Charlotte and Robyn Fairman. 2006. Factors affecting food safety compliance within small and medium-sized enterprises: Implications for regulatory and enforcement strategies. Food Control 17(1): 42–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, Zhidong. 2005. Guanyu Tigao Shuishou Zhifa Nengli de Sikao (Thoughts on improving tax enforcement capacity). Chongqing Xingzheng (Chongqing Administration) 03.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, Longzhang. 2009. Chanong Shiyong Nongyao Xingwei Yingxiang Yinsu Yanjiu (Studies on impact factors of tea farmers' application of pesticides —— Taking Fujian Province for an example). Doctoral dissertation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Jiehong and Shaosheng Jin. 2009. Safety of Vegetables and the use of Pesticides by Farmers in China: Evidence from Zhejiang Province. Food Control 20(11): 1043–1048.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Huiqi Yan

Authors
  1. Huiqi Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huiqi Yan .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yan, H. (2017). Introduction. In: Pesticide Law and Compliance Decision Making. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3917-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3917-1_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3916-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3917-1

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation