Abstract
Drying of agricultural crops is a very energy consuming activity and most methodologies adopted for it draw this energy form non-renewable sources. It also exists on records that the unavailability and therefore the shortage of fossil fuel result in the higher cost of energy generated from such sources. In recent years, renewable energy sources have emerged out as possible alternatives to the nonrenewable energy sources, and among others, solar energy has got significant recognition between energy researchers. The present chapter deals with the economic analysis of drying process using a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) integrated indirect-type solar dryer. In the dryer, a DC fan has been directly coupled with the photovoltaic (PV). The dryer works under forced air circulation without any external power supply and has been coupled to a solar heater. The solar heater is equipped with a sun-tracking facility and is having blackened surface to absorb to increase its energy collection efficiency. The dryer also consists of a dryer chamber with a chimney which is used for the drying of agriculture products. The experiments carried for the force air circulation under no load and load conditions have been discussed. Further, a techno-economic analysis has been explained in detail.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bala BK, Mondol MRA, Biswas BK, Chowdhury BLD, Janjai S (2003) Solar drying of pineapple using solar tunnel drier. Renew Energy 28(2):183–190
Barnwal P, Tiwari GN (2008) Design, construction and testing of hybrid photovoltaic integrated greenhouse dryer. Int J Agric Res 3(2):110–120
Boughali S et al (2009) Crop drying by indirect active hybrid solar – electrical dryer in the eastern Algerian Septentrional Sahara. Solar Energy 83(12):S. 2223–S. 2232. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2009.09.006
Celma AR, Cuadros F (2009) Energy and exergy analyses of OMW solar drying process. Renew Energy 34(3):S. 660–S. 666. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.05.019
Chowdhury MMI et al (2011) Energy and exergy analysis of the solar drying of jackfruit leather; Biosyst Eng 110 (2), S. 222–229. doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.08.011
Corzo O et al (2008) Energy and exergy analyses of thin layer drying of coroba slices; J Food Eng 86 (2), S. 151–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.05.008
Dincer I, Sahin AZ (2004) A new model for thermodynamic analysis of a drying process. Int J Heat Mass Transf 47(4):S. 645–652. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.08.013
Dubey S, Tiwari GN (2008) Thermal modeling of a combined system of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar water heater. Solar Energy 82:602–612
ELkhadraoui A et al (2015) Experimental investigation and economic evaluation of a new mixed-mode solar greenhouse dryer for drying of red pepper and grape; Renew Energy 77, S. 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.090
Farkas I, Seres I, Meszaros CS (1999) Analytical and experimental study of a modular solar dryer. Renew Energy 16:773–778
Fudholi A et al (2015) Techno-economic of solar drying systems with water based solar collectors in Malaysia: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 51, S. 809–820. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.059
Ghazanfari A et al (2003) Evaluating a solar dryer for in-shell drying of split pistachio nuts. Dry Technol 21(7):1357–1368
Hossain MA, Bala BK (2007) Drying of hot chilly using solar tunnel drier. Solar Energy 81(1):85–92
Hossain MA, Woods JL, Bala BK (2005) Optimization of solar tunnel drier for drying of chilly without color loss. Renew Energy 30:729–742
Maia CB et al (2013) Energy and exergy analysis of the airflow inside a solar chimney. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 27:S. 350–361. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.020
Motevali A et al (2014) Comparison of energy parameters in various dryers. Energy Convers Manage 87:S. 711–725. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.012
Mumba J (1995) Development of a photovoltaic powered forced circulation grain dryer for use in the tropics. Renew Energy 6(7):855–862
Mumba J (1996) Design and development of a solar grain dryer incorporating photovoltaic powered air circulation. Energy Convers Manage 37(5):615–621
Panwar NL et al (2012) A review on energy and exergy analysis of solar dying systems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(5):S. 2812–2819. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.053
Phougchandag S, Woods JL (2000) Solar drying of banana: mathematical model, laboratory simulation and field data compared. J Food Sci 65(6):990–996
Rahman SMA et al (2013) An economic optimization of evaporator and air collector area in a solar assisted heat pump drying system. Energy Convers Manage 76:S. 377–384. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.06.058
Saleh T, Sarkar MAR (2002) Performance study of a PV operated forced convection solar energy dryer. In: The 8th international symposium for renewable energy education (ISREE-8), Orlando, University of Florida
Sami S et al (2011) Energy and exergy analysis of an indirect solar cabinet dryer based on mathematical modeling results; Energy 36 (5), S. 2847–2855. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.027
Sopian K, Liu HT, Kakac S, Veziroglu TN (2000) Performance of a double pass photovoltaic thermal solar collector suitable for solar drying systems. Energy Convers Manage 41:353–365
Togrul IT, Pehlivan D (2002) Mathematical modelling of solar drying of apricots in thin layers. J Food Eng 55(3):209–216
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
- A :
-
Area, m2
- b :
-
Width of PV module, m
- L :
-
Length of PV module, m
- C d :
-
Cost of drying, Rs./kg
- C s :
-
Specific heat, J/kg °C
- CF:
-
Net cash flow
- CRF:
-
Capital recovery factor
- E aout :
-
Annual thermal output, kWh
- E PBT :
-
Energy payback time, years
- i :
-
Annual rate of interest (in fraction) is taken as 4% = 0.04
- I(t):
-
Incident solar intensity, Wm2
- I L :
-
Load current, Amp
- I SC :
-
Short circuit current, Amp
- M p :
-
Mass of product, kWh
- n :
-
Life of the dryer = 30 years
- N :
-
Number of sunshine hours, h
- Pi :
-
Initial investment (Rs.) = 17,628.8
- (Q u )daily :
-
Daily thermal output, kWh
- R m :
-
Operational and maintenance expenses (Rs.) = 0
- R :
-
Annualized present cost (Rs.)
- R ′ :
-
Annualized salvage value of the dryer
- S :
-
Salvage value of the dryer at the end of the life (Rs.) = 10% of initial investment = Rs. 1762.8
- T :
-
Temperature, °C
- V L :
-
Load voltage, V
- V OC :
-
Open circuit voltage, V
1.1 Subscripts
- a:
-
Ambient
- c:
-
Solar cell
- d:
-
Drying
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nayak, S., Narwal, K. (2017). Economic Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV-T) Integrated Indirect-Type Solar Dryer. In: Prakash, O., Kumar, A. (eds) Solar Drying Technology. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3833-4_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3833-4_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3832-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3833-4
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)