Abstract
This brief is motivated by a set of questions asked within the context of the policy framework in India. Did the policy move in the direction of recognition of the different roles played by the environment? Were corresponding acts and rules passed to enable implementation? In this introductory chapter, we begin with a brief foray into the nature of development, an idea that has dominated the public space for at least the last seven decades. The next section examines the nature of policy responses, one particular subset of human responses to an issue. It also looks at the decision-making cycle and its internalisation of stakeholder responses through an iterative process. This analysis is then viewed in the context of linked sociological systems. The latter sections examine the development process in India and the evolution of environmental issues as areas of concern as development proceeded. Turning points in the evolution of environmental policy are examined and possible drivers identified.
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Notes
- 1.
See UNDP (1991).
- 2.
See the paper by Bleuming and Yun in Dale, Mathai and De Oliveira edited (2016).
- 3.
For more on this, see Rist (2002). By way of explanation, he says, ‘by power to seduce in every sense of the term, to charm, to please, to fascinate, to turn away from the truth, to deceive’.
- 4.
See IPBES (2016). The summary for policymakers refers to this as the policy cycle.
- 5.
See MEA (2005) Volume 3, Report of the Policy Responses Group.
- 6.
See Collander and Kupers (2014) Chapter 1.
- 7.
See Government of India (1952), Chapter 21 for Forests and Chapter 22 for Soil Conservation.
- 8.
See Chapter 2 of the Fourth Plan on ‘the long-term perspective’ for details.
- 9.
For example, for the Eleventh Plan see Government of India (2008).
- 10.
See Government of India (2013).
References
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Collander D, Kupers R (2014) Complexity and the art of public policy, solving society’s problems from the bottom up. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford
Government of India (1952) First Five Year Plan. Planning Commission, Delhi
Government of India (2013) Twelfth Five Year Plan, (2012–2017) faster, more inclusive and sustainable growth, vol I. Sage Publications, New Delhi
Government of India (n.d.) Successive plan documents. Planning Commission
Government of India, Planning Commission (2008) Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–2012) Volume 1, inclusive growth. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
IPBES (2016) In: Ferrier S, Ninan KN, Leadley P (eds) The methodological assessment report on scenarios and models of biodiversity and ecosystem services, summary for policymakers. Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human wellbeing, policy responses, volume 3, findings of the Policy Responses Group. Island Press, Washington, DC
Rist G (2002) The history of development: from Western origins to global faith. Zed Books, London
UNDP (1991) Human development report. Oxford University Press, New York
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Chopra, K. (2017). Development and Environmental Policy. In: Development and Environmental Policy in India. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3761-0_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3761-0_1
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