Skip to main content

Light Extraction of High-Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
III-Nitride Based Light Emitting Diodes and Applications

Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Physics ((TAP,volume 133))

Abstract

This chapter deals with methods for fabricating high-efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with higher light extraction efficiency (LEE). Some LED prototypes are then reviewed to investigate how their performance was enhanced by utilizing a variety of chip processes. The most efficient devices were found to be produced with unique fabrication processes, having at least one patterned sapphire substrate, chip shaping, vertical configuration, and/or flip-chip packaging, among others.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. J.K. Sheu, C.J. Pen, G.C. Chi, C.H. Kuo, L.W. Wu, C. Chen, H. Chang, Y.K. Su, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 450 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Schnitzer, E. Yablonovitch, C. Caneau, T.J. Gmitter, A. Scherer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2174 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.R. Franklin, R. Newman, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1153 (1964)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. E.E. Loebner, Proc. IEEE 61, 837 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M.R. Krames, M. Ochiai-Holcomb, G.E. Hofler, C. Carter-Coman, E.I. Chen, I.-H. Tan, P. Grillot, N.F. Gardner, H.C. Chui, J.-W. Huang, S.A. Stockman, F.A. Kish, M.G. Craford, T.S. Tan, C.P. Kocot, M. Hueschen, J. Posselt, B. Loh, G. Sasser, D. Collins, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2365 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. C.C. Kao, H.-C. Kuo, H.W. Huang, J.T. Chu, Y.C. Peng, Y.L. Hsieh, C.Y. Luo, S.C. Wang, C.C. Yu, C.F. Lin, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 19 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. J.S. Lee, J. Lee, J. Kim, J. Jeon, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1588 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. (a) J.Y. Kim, M.K. Kwon, J.P. Kim, S.J. Park, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 1865 (2007). (b) J.Y. Kim, S.B. Yang, Y.J. Kang, M.K. Kwon, J.H. Baek, J.K. Lee, International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors, TuP-OD-13 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  9. C. Huh, K.S. Lee, E.J. Kang, S.J. Park, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 9383 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. S.I. Na, G.Y. Ha, D.-S. Han, S.S. Kim, J.Y. Kim, J.H. Lim, D.-J. Kim, K.I. Min, S.J. Park, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1512 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. D.S. Han, J.Y. Kim, S.I. Na, S.H. Kim, K.D. Lee, B. Kim, S.J. Park, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1406 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Fujii, Y. Gao, R. Sharma, E.L. Hu, S.P. DenBaars, S. Nakamura, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 855 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. S.H. Lee, J.H. Baek, T.H. Kim, L.S. Park, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 11, 1 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. C.F. Shen, S.J. Chang, W.S. Chen, T.K. Ko, C.T. Kuo, S.C. Shei, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 780 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. O.B. Shchekin, J.E. Epler, T.A. Trottier, T. Margalith, D.A. Steigerwald, M.O. Holcomb, P.S. Martin, M.R. Krames, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 071109 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Tadatomo, H. Okagawa, T. Tsunekawa, T. Jyouichi, Y. Imada, M. Kato, H. Kudo, T. Taguchi, Phys. Status Solidi (A) 188, 121–125 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Kudo, K. Murakami, R. Zheng, Y. Yamada, T. Taguchi, K. Tadatomo, H. Okagawa, Y. Ohuchi, T. Tsunekawa, Y. Imada, K. Kata, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 2484–2488 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Bell, R. Liu, F.A. Ponce, H. Amano, I. Akasaki, D. Cherns, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 349–351 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Yamada, T. Mitani, Y. Narukawa, S. Shioji, I. Niki, S. Sonobe, K. Deguchi, M. Sano, T. Mukai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, L1431–L1433 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. S.J. Chang, Y.C. Lin, Y.K. Su, C.S. Chang, T.C. Wen, S.C. Shei, J.C. Ke, C.W. Kuo, S.C. Chen, C.H. Liu, Solid-State Electron. 47, 1539–1542 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. D.S. Wuu, W.K. Wang, W.C. Shih, R.H. Horng, C.E. Lee, W.Y. Lin, J.S. Fang, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17, 288–290 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. W.K. Wang, D.S. Wuu, S.H. Lin, P. Han, R.H. Horng, T.C. Hsu, D.T.C. Huo, M.J. Jou, Y.H. Yu, A. Lin, IEEE. J. Quan. Electron. 41(11) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Y.J. Lee, J.M. Hwang, T.C. Hsu, M.H. Hsieh, M.J. Jou, B.J. Lee, T.C. Lu, H.C. Kuo, S.C. Wang, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 1152–1154 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. David, T. Fujii, B. Moran, S. Nakamura, S.P. Denbaars, C. Weisbuch, H. Benisty, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 133514 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. T.N. Oder, J. Shakya, J.Y. Lin, H.X. Jiang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1231 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. Ho Kim, C.O. Cho, Y.G. Roh, H. Jeon, Y.S. Park, J. Cho, J.S. Im, C. Sone, Y. Park, W.J. Choi, Q.H. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 203508 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. J.Y. Kim, M.K. Kwon, K.S. Lee, S.H. Kim, K.D. Lee, S.J. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 181109 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. S.H. Kim, K.D. Lee, J.Y. Kim, M.K. Kwon, S.J. Park, Nanotechnology 18, 055306 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. S.M. Kim, H.S. Oh, J.H. Baek, K.H. Lee, G.Y. Jung, J.H. Song, H.J. Kim, B.J. Ahn, D. Yanqun, J.H. Song, IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 31, 842–844 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. W.S. Wong, T. Sands, N.W. Cheung, M. Kneissl, D.P. Bour, P. Mei, L.T. Romano, N.M. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1360 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. D.S. Wuu, S.C. Hsu, S.H. Huang, C.C. Wu, C.E. Lee, R.H. Horng, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5239 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. S.H. Huang, R.H. Horng, S.C. Hsu, T.Y. Chen, D.S. Wuu, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 3028 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. M.K Kelly, O. Ambacher, R. Dimitriv, R. Handschuh, M. Stutzmann, Phys. Status Solidi (A) 159 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  34. H.S. Kim, K.K. Kim, K.K. Choi, H.K. Kim, J.O. Song, J.H. Cho, K.H. Baik, C.S. Sone, Y.J. Park, T.Y. Seong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023510 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. C.C. Kao, H.C. Kuo, K.F. Yeh, J.T. Chu, W.L. Peng, H.W. Huang, T.C. Lu, S.C. Wang, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 849 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. S.H. Su, C.C. Hou, M.H. Lin, M. Yokoyama, S.M. Chen, H. Kuan, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, 965 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. S.L. Chen, S.J. Wang, K.M. Uang, T.M. Chen, B.W. Liou, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 351 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Y.S. Wu, J.H. Cheng, W.C. Peng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 251110 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. W.S. Wong, T. Sands, N.W. Cheung, M. Kneissl, D.P. Bour, P. Mei, L.T. Romano, N.M. Johnson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2822 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. J. Arokiaraj, C.K. Leong, V. Lixian, A.M. Yong, W. Xincai, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 124105 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. S.C. Hsu, C.Y. Liu, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 9(5), G171 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  42. T. Jeong, K.H. Kim, H.H. Lee, S.J. Lee, S.H. Lee, J.H. Baek, J.K. Lee, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 1932 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. W.C. Peng, Y.C.S. Wu, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 613 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. K.M. Uang, S.J. Wang, S.L. Chen, Y.C. Yang, T.M. Chen, B.W. Liou, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 3436 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. D.B. Thompson, A. Murai, M. IZA, S. Brinkley, S.P. Denbaars, U.K. Mishra, S. Nakamura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47, 3447 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  46. H.Y. Kuo, S.J. Wang, P.R. Wang, K.M. Uang, T.M. Chen, H. Kuan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 021105 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. J.S. Ha, S.W. Lee, H.J. Lee, H.J. Lee, S.H. Lee, H. Goto, T. Kato, K. Fujii, M.W. Cho, T. Yao, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 175 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. J.M. Park, K.M. Song, S.R. Jeon, J.H. Baek, S.W. Ryu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 221907 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. E. Monroy, E. Sarigiannidou, F. Fossard, N. Gogneau, E. Bellet-Amalric, J.L. Rouviere, S. Monnoye, H. Mank, B. Daudin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3684 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. J.S. Kwak, K.Y. Lee, J.Y. Han, J. Cho, S. Chae, O.H. Nam, Y. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3254 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. T. Jang, S.N. Lee, O.H. Nam, Y. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 193505 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. J.W. Jeon, T.Y. Seong, H.S. Kim, K.K. Kim, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 042102 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. T. Jeong, S.W. Kim, S.H. Lee, J.W. Ju, S.J. Lee, J.H. Baek, J.K. Lee, J. Electrochem. Soc. 158(9), H908 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. J.Y. Chu, C.F. Chu, C.C. Cheng. W.H. Liu, H.C. Cheng, F.H. Fan, J.K. Yen, Proc. SPIE 6894, 68940X-1 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  55. E.F. Schubert, Light Emitting Diodes, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  56. J.J. Wierer, A. David, M.M. Megens, Nat. Photonics 3, 163 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. David, H. Benisty, C. Weisbuch, J. Display Tech. 3, 133 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. R. Windisch, N. Linder, C. Wiesmann, K. Streubel, IEEE/LEOS Winter Topical Meeting (2009), p. 10

    Google Scholar 

  59. J.J. Wierer, D.A. Steigerwald, M.R. Krames, J.J. O’Shea, M.J. Ludowise, G. Christenson, Y.C. Shen, C. Lowery, P.S. Martin, S. Subramanya, W. Gotz, N.F. Gardner, R.S. Kern, S.A. Stockman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 3379 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. D.L. Hibbard, S.P. Jung, C. Wang, D. Ullery, Y.S. Zhao, W. So, H. Liu, H.P. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 311 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. S.J. Chang, W.S. Chen, Y.C. Lin, C.S. Chang, T.K. Ko, Y.P. Hsu, C.F. Shen, J.M. Tsai, S.C. Shei, IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 29, 403 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. J.O. Song, D.S. Leem, J.S. Kwak, O.H. Nam, Y. Park, T.Y. Seong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4990 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. J.O. Song, J.S. Kwak, Y. Park, T.Y. Seong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 062104 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. S.K. Sharma, J. Spitz, Thin Solid Films 65, 339 (1980)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. D.J. Srolovitz, M.G. Goldiner, JOM 47, 31 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. H.C. Kim, N.D. Theodore, T.L. Alford, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5180 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. H.S. Venugopalan, A. DiCarlo, X. Cao, S. Libon, B.S. Shelton, E. Stefanov, T. Zhang, I. Eliashevich, S.E. Weaver, M. Hsing, B. Kolodin, T. Soules, D. Florescu, S. Guo, M. Pophristic, B. Peres, Proc. SPIE 4996, 195 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. D.A. Steigerwald, J.C. Bhat, D. Collins, R.M. Fletcher, M.O. Holcomb, M.J. Ludowise, P.S. Martine, S.L. Rudaz, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quan. Electron. 8, 310 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  69. H.W. Jang, J.L. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5920 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. J.H. Son, Y.H. Song, H.K. Yu, J.L. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 062108 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. J.K. Kim, T. Gessmann, E.F. Schubert, J.Q. Xi, H. Luo, J.H. Cho, C.S. Sone, Y.J. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 013501 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. J.Q. Xi, H. Luo, A.J. Pasquale, J.K. Kim, E.F. Schubert, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2347 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. J.Y. Kim, M.K. Kwon, I.K. Park, C.Y. Cho, S.J. Park, D.M. Jeon, J.W. Kim, Y.C. Kim, Appl. Phy. Lett. 93, 021121 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. J.H. Lim, D.K. Hwang, H.S. KIM, J.Y. Oh, J.H. Yang, R. Navamathavan, S.J. Park, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 6191 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  75. J.K. Ho, C.S. Jong, C.N. Huang, C.Y. Chen, C.C. Chiu, K.K. Shih, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1275 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. J.Y. Kim, S. In Na, G.Y. Ha, M.K. Kwon, I.K. Park, J.H. Lim, S.J. Park, M.H. Kim, D. Choi, K. Min, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 043507 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  77. H. Kim, K.H. Baik, J. Cho, J.W. Lee, S. Yoon, H. Kim, S.N. Lee, C. Sone, Y. Park, T.Y. Seong, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19, 336 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jong Hyeob Baek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kim, JY. et al. (2017). Light Extraction of High-Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes. In: Seong, TY., Han, J., Amano, H., Morkoç, H. (eds) III-Nitride Based Light Emitting Diodes and Applications. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 133. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3755-9_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics