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To D(e)rive or Reverse: The Challenge and Choice of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine

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Abstract

The immense potential of pluripotent human stem cells in transforming modern medicine is undeniable. Less than two decades since human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were first derived, several clinical trials with hESC derivatives are underway. Though human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are accepted by a wider community for use in research and therapy, issues of maintaining stem cell potency and achieving efficient differentiation are common to hESCs and iPSCs. While iPSCs are considered more accessible and acceptable, it is increasingly clear that iPSCs will be of limited use in autologous therapy. Hence haplobanks are being established for use in regenerative medicine. The additional cost of reprogramming to and characterizing iPSCs compared to deriving hESCs brings into question their suitability for regenerative applications in the Indian scenario, given the limited facilities and resources available. Here we discuss the importance of making an informed choice for the Indian context.

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Abbreviations

ART:

Assisted reproductive technology

BAC:

Bacterial artificial chromosome

CAS9:

CRISPR-associated protein 9

cGMP:

Current good manufacturing practices

ChIP:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

EBNA:

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen

ESC:

Embryonic stem cells

ES-like:

Embryonic stem cell-like

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

IVF:

In vitro fertilization

miRNA or mir:

MicroRNA

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

OKSM:

Oct3/Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc

OriP:

Plasmid origin of replication

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ronak K. Shetty, Ph.D., and Ms. Deeti Shetty, JNCASR, for critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, India

    Praveen Wulligundam & Maneesha S. Inamdar Ph.D.

  2. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (InStem), Bengaluru, India

    Maneesha S. Inamdar Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Praveen Wulligundam
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  2. Maneesha S. Inamdar Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Maneesha S. Inamdar Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India

    Asok Mukhopadhyay

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Wulligundam, P., Inamdar, M.S. (2017). To D(e)rive or Reverse: The Challenge and Choice of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. In: Mukhopadhyay, A. (eds) Regenerative Medicine: Laboratory to Clinic. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3701-6_6

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