Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bioactive Compounds and Medicinal Importance of Litchi chinensis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Lychee Biotechnology

Abstract

Litchi chinensis Sonn. has been widely used as anti-cancer, antiseptic, hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antiplatelet, antitussive, analgesic, anti-pyretic, diuretic, anti-viral, and hemostatic activities. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated and reported by the scientist using the modern techniques. Several new compounds are being reported. The litchi has now gained a status like other important medicinal plants because of its compound constituent as well as the activities like therapeutic drugs. The ethnomedical use of L. chinensis has been recorded in China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines. Phytochemical exploration has established that the key chemical constituents of litchi are flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, phenolics, and other bioactive compounds. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from L. chinensis exhibited noteworthy anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepato-protective, and immunomodulatory activities. The civilized cultures are using this since ancient time for the treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, stomach ulcers, cough, flatulence, obesity, testicular swelling, epigastric, and neuralgic pains. However, litchi extracts and fruit juices have been established to be secure at a dosage from the toxicological point of view.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Ahmad SA, Sharma SCS (2001) Fruit & vegetable juice therapy. Pustak Mahal, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad J, Lobo MG, Ozadali F (2012) Tropical and subtropical fruits postharvest physiology processing and packaging. Wiley, Oxford, pp 251–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Alves JA, de Oliveira LLC, Nunes CA, Dias DR, Schwan RF (2011) Chemical, physical-chemical, and sensory characteristics of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn) wines. J Food Sci 76:330–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu S, Haldar N, Bhattacharya S, Biswas S, Biswas M (2012) Hepatoprotective activity of Litchi chinensis leaves against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. Am Eurasian J Sci Res 7:77–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhalla-Sarin N, Prasad US, Kantharajah AS, Jain SM (2003) Micropropagation of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). In: Micropropagation of woody trees and fruits, vol 75. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 721–731

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat RS, Al-daihan S (2014) Antimicrobial activity of Litchi chinensis and Nephelium lappaceum aqueous seed extracts against some pathogenic bacterial strains. J King Saud Univ Sci 26:79–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhoopat L, Srichairatanakool S, Kanjanapothi D, Taesotikul T, Thananchai H, Bhoopat T (2011) Hepatoprotective effects of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): a combination of anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. J Ethnopharmacol 136:55–66

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castellain RCL, Gesser M, Tonini F, Schulte RV et al (2014) Chemical composition, anti-oxidant and antinociceptive properties of Litchi chinensis leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 66:1796–1807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang Y, Yang D, Chiu C, Lin Y, Chen J, Chen Y (2013) Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenol-rich litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)-Flower-water extract on livers of high-fat-diet fed hamsters. J Funct Foods 5:44–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YB, Wu KS, Gu Y, Chen JZ (2007) Research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of lychee seeds. Chin J Infect Tradit Chin Med 14:97–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevion M (1988) A site-specific mechanism for free radical induced biological damage: the essential role of redox-active transition metals. Free Radic Biol Med 5:2737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chyau CC, Ko PT, Chang CH, Mau JL (2003) Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Food Chem 80:387–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen A, Dubois LJ (2010) Raw food for everyone: essential techniques and 300 simple to-sophisticated recipes. Penguin group (USA) Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaydou EM, Ralaimanarivo A, Bianchini JP (1993) Cyclopropanoic fatty acids of litchi (Litchi chinensis) seed oil: a reinvestigation. J Agric Food Chem 41:886–890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gontier EN, Terrasse BC, Jannoyer M, Menard M, Thomasset B, Bourgaud F (2000) Litchi chinensis fatty acid diversity: occurrence of the unusual cyclopropanoic fatty acids. Biochem Soc Trans 28:578–580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu CP, Lin CC, Huang CC (2012) Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colorectal carcinoma by litchi seed extract. J Biomed Biotechnol 34:1479–1485

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang F, Guo Y, Zhang R, Yi Y, Deng Y, Su D, Zhang M (2014a) Effects of drying methods on physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharide-protein complexes from litchi pulp. Molecules 19:12760–12776

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang F, Zhang R, Yi Y, Tang X et al (2014b) Comparison of physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from fresh and dried litchi pulp. Molecules 19:3909–3925

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA (2015) Litchi chinensis: medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.054

  • Jiang YM, Duan XW, Joyce D, Zhang ZQ, Li JR (2004) Advances in understanding of enzymatic browning in harvested litchi fruit. Food Chem 88:443–446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang G, Lin S, We L, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Chen F, Prasad K, Duan X, Yang B (2013) Identification of a novel phenolic compound in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp and bioactivity evaluation. Food Chem 136:563–568

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jing Y, Huang L, Lv W, Tong H, Song L, Hu X, Yu R (2014) Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from pulp tissues of Litchi chinensis and its immunomodulatory activity. J Agric Food Chem 62:902–911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang SW, Hahn S, Kim JK, Yang SM, Park BJ, Chul LS (2012) Oligomerized lychee fruit extract (OLFE) and a mixture of vitamin C and vitamin E for endurance capacity in a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 50:106–113

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kanlayavattanakul M, Ospondpant D, Ruktanonchai U, Lourith N (2012) Biological activity assessment and phenolic compounds characterization from the fruit pericarp of Litchi chinensis for cosmetic applications. Pharm Biol 50:1384–1390

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasote DM, Hegde MV, Katyare SS (2013) Mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric and neurological diseases: cause(s), consequence(s), and implications of anti-oxidant therapy. Biofactors 39:392–406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kasote DM, Katyare SS, Hegde MV, Bae H (2015) Significance of anti-oxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Sci 11:982–991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kong F, Zhang M, Kuang R, Yu S, Chi J, Wei Z (2010) Anti-oxidant activities of different fractions of polysaccharide purified from pulp tissue of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Carbohydr Polym 81:612–616

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee GH, Shin Y, Oh MJ (2008) Aroma-active components of Lycii fructus (kukija). J Food Sci 73:500–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee S, Park W, Park S, Moon H (2009) Aldose reductase inhibitors from Litchi chinensis Sonn. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 24:957–959

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JB, Shin YO, Min YK, Yang HM (2010) The effect of oligonol intake on cortisol and related cytokines in healthy young men. Nutr Res Pract 4:203–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li TSC (2009) Chinese and related North American herbs phytopharmacology and therapeutic values, 2nd edn. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton/London/New York, p 88

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Jiang Y (2007) Litchi flavonoids: isolation, identification and biological activity. Molecules 12:745–758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Liang H, Zhang M et al (2012) Phenolic profiles and anti-oxidant activity of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit pericarp from different commercially available cultivars. Molecules 17:4954–4967

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim TK (2013) Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants: Volume 6, Fruits. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 45–58

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lin N, Xiao LY, Pan JQ (2008) Effects of semen litchi on the expressions of S180 and EAC tumor cells and Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in rats. Chin Pharm 19:1138–1140

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Chung Y, Hsu C (2013) Anti-cancer potential of litchi seed extract. World J Exp Med 3:56–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin Y, Chang J, Cheng S et al (2015) New bioactive chromanes from Litchi chinensis. J Agric Food Chem 63:2472–2478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Xie B, Cao S, Yang E, Xu X, Guo S (2007) A-type procyanidins from Litchi chinensis pericarp with anti-oxidant activity. Food Chem 105:1446–1451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lv Q, Si M, Yan Y, Luo F, Hu G, Wu H, Sun C, Li X, Chen K (2014) Effects of phenolic-rich litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp extracts on glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 7:621–629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lv Q, Luo F, Zhao X, Liu Y, Hu G, Sun C, Li X, Chen K (2015) Identification of proanthocyanidins from Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pulp by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS and their anti-oxidant activity. PLoS One 10:120–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahattanatawee K, Perez-Cacho PR, Davenport T, Rouseff R (2007) Comparison of three lychee cultivar odor profiles using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-sulfur detection. J Agric Food Chem 55:1939–1944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maity SC, Mitra SK (1990) Litchi. In: Bose TK, Mitra SK (eds) Fruits: tropical and subtropical. Naya Prakasak, Calcutta, pp 420–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik I, Ahmad VU, Anjum S, Basha FZ (2010) A pentacyclic triterpene from Litchi chinensis. Nat Prod Commun 5:529–530

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel CM (2002) The lychee crop in Asia and the Pacific. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Bangkok, pp 8–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel C, Waite G (2005) Litchi and longan: botany, production, and uses. CABI Publishing/CAB International, Wallingford/Oxford, pp 24–27

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miller L (2011) Ayurvedic curative cuisine for everyone. Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, pp 79–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton J (1987) Lychee. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, pp 249–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Nacif SR, Paoli AS, Salomão LCC (2001) Morphological and anatomical development of the litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Brewster). Fruits 56:225–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nimmanpipug P, Lee VS, Wolschann P, Hannongbua S (2009) Litchi chinensis-derived terpenoid as anti-HIV-1 protease agent: structural design from molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Simul 35:673–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishizawa M, Hara T, Miura T, Fujita S, Yoshigai E, Ue H, Hayashi Y, Kwon AH, Okumura T, Isaka T (2011) Supplementation with a flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract influences the inflammatory status of young athletes. Phytother Res 25:1486–1493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obrosova IG, Chung SS, Kador PF (2010) Diabetic cataracts: mechanisms and management. Diabetes/Metabolism. Res Rev 26:172–180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogasawara J, Kitadate K, Nishioka H et al (2009) Oligonol, a new lychee fruit-derived low-molecular form of polyphenol, enhances lipolysis in primary rat adipocytes through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Phytother Res 23:1626–1633

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ong PKC, Acree TE (1998) Gas chromatography/olfactory analysis of Lychee (Litchi chinesis Sonn.). J Agric Food Chem 46:2282–2286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey RM, Sharma HC (1989) The litchi. ICAR, New Delhi, pp 1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry LM, Metzger J (1980) Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia: attributed properties and uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA/London, p 374

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad KN, Yang B, Yang S et al (2009) Identification of phenolic compounds and appraisal of antioxidant and tityrosinase activities from litchi (Litchi sinensis Sonn.) seeds. Food Chem 116:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Queiroz E, de Abreu CMP, Rocha DA, Simao AA et al (2015) Anti-nutritional compounds in fresh and dried lychee fraction (Litchi chinensis sonn.). Afr J Agric Res 10:499–504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren S, Xu D, Pan Z, Gao Y, Jiang Z, Gao Q (2011) Two flavanone compounds from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) seeds, one previously unreported, and appraisal of their αglucosidase inhibitory activities. Food Chem 127:760–1763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roux LE, Doco T, Sarni-Manchado P, Lozano Y, Cheynier V (1998) A-type proanthocyanidins from pericarp of Litchi chinensis. Phytochemistry 48:1251–1258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakurai T, Nishioka H, Fujii H, Nakano N, Kizaki T, Radak Z, Izawa T, Haga S, Ohno H (2008) Antioxidative effects of a new Lychee fruit-derived polyphenol mixture, oligonol, converted into a low-molecular form in adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:463–476

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena S, Hajare N, More V, Kumar S et al (2011) Anti-oxidant and radioprotective properties of commercially grown litchi (Litchi chinensis) from India. Food Chem 126:39–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sayre JK (2001) Ancient herb and modern herbs: a comprehensive reference guide to medicinal herbs, human ailments, and possible herbal remedies. Bottlebrush Press, Auburn/Washington, DC, p 156

    Google Scholar 

  • Sies H (1997) Physiological society symposium: impaired endothelial and smooth muscle cell function in oxidative stress oxidative stress: oxidants and anti-oxidants. Exp Physiol 82:291–295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sivakumar D, Naudé Y, Rohwer E, Korsten L (2008) Volatile compounds, quality attributes, mineral composition and pericarp structure of South African litchi export 74 cultivars Mauritius and McLean’s Red. J Sci Food Agric 88:1074–1081

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart LJ, Buist PH (2004) The absolute configuration of methyl dihydrosterculate: an unusual phytofatty acid isolated from the seed oil of Litchi chinensis. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 15:401–403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Su D, Ti H, Zhang R, Zhang M, Wei Z, Deng Y, Guo J (2014) Structural elucidation and cellular anti-oxidant activity evaluation of major anti-oxidant phenolics in lychee pulp. Food Chem 158:385–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J, Jiang Y, Wei X, Shi J, You Y, Liu H, Kakuda Y, Zhao M (2006) Identification of (−)-epicatechin as the direct substrate for polyphenol oxidase isolated from litchi pericarp. Food Res Int 39:864–870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J, Jiang Y, Shi J, Wei X, Xue SJ, Shi J, Yi C (2010) Anti-oxidant activities and contents of polyphenol oxidase substrates from pericarp tissues of litchi fruit. Food Chem 119:753–757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (2012) USDA national nutrient database for standard reference. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/ndl

  • Vardhana V (2008) Direct uses of medicinal plants and their identification, 1st edn. Prabhat Kumar Sharma for Sarup & Sons, Delhi, p 211

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall M (2006) Ascorbic acid and mineral composition of longan (Dimocarpus longan), lychee (Litchi chinensis) and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars grown in Hawaii. J Food Compos Anal 9:655–663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Yuan S, Wang J, Lin P, Liu G et al (2006) Anti-cancer activity of litchi fruit pericarp extract against human breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 215:168–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Lou G, Ma Z, Liu X (2011) Chemical constituents with anti-oxidant activities from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) seeds. Food Chem 126:1081–1087

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YJ, Zhao DX, Gao JL, Peng ZQ (2013) Volatile components of Litchi chinensis Sonn. leaf oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 6:161–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen L, Wu D, Jiang Y et al (2014a) Identification of flavonoids in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) leaf and evaluation of anti-cancer activities. J Funct Foods 6:555–563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wen L, He J, Wu D, Jiang Y et al (2014b) Identification of sesquilignans in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) leaf and their anti-cancer activities. J Funct Foods 8:26–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wen L, You L, Yang X et al (2015) Identification of phenolics in litchi and evaluation of anti-cancer cell proliferation activity and intracellular anti-oxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 84:171–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiart C (2006) Medicinal plants of Asia and the Pacific. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, p 171

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wills RBH, Lim JSK, Greenfield H (1986) Composition of Australian foods. 31. Tropical and subtropical fruit. Food Technol Aust 38:118–123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Pan Q, Qu W, Duan C (2009) Comparison of volatile profiles of nine Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars from Southern China. J Agric Food Chem 57:9676–9681

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu T, Luo J, Xu B (2015) In vitro anti-diabetic effects of selected fruits and vegetables against glycosidase and aldose reductase. Food Sci Nutr 3(6):495–505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Xie H, Wang Y, Wei X (2010a) A-type proanthocyanidins from lychee seeds and their antioxidant and anti-viral activities. J Agric Food Chem 58:11667–11672

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Xie H, Hao J, Jiang Y, Wei X (2010b) Eudesmane sesquiterpene glucosides from lychee seed and their cytotoxic activity. Food Chem 123:1123–1126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Xie H, Xu L, Wei X (2011a) A novel cyclopropyl-containing fatty acid glucoside from the seeds of Litchi chinensis. Fitoterapia 82:485–488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu X, Xie H, Hao J, Jiang Y, Wei X (2011b) Flavonoid glycosides from the seeds of Litchi chinensis. J Agric Food Chem 59:1205–1209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanishi R, Yoshigai E, Okuyama T, Mori M, Murase H et al (2014) The anti-inflammatory effects of flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract in rat hepatocytes. PLoS One 9:793–818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan X, Zhou J, Xie G, Milne GWA (1999) Traditional Chinese medicines: molecular structures, natural sources, and applications. Ashgate Publishing Company, Hampshire, p 730

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang DJ, Chang YY, Hsu CL, Liu CW, Wang Y, Chen YC (2010) Protective effect of a litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)-flower-water-extract on cardiovascular health in a high-fat/cholesterol-dietary hamsters. Food Chem 119:1457–1464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang D, Chang Y, Lin H, Chen Y, Hsu S, Lin J (2014) Inhibitory effect of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells through NF-κB, ERK, and JAK2/STAT3 inactivation. J Agric Food Chem 62:3458–3465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang N, Zhou Z, Feng X (2012) Comparison and elevation on anti-tumor activity in vitro of the litchi seeds and longan seeds water extract. Hunan J Tradit Chin Med 28:133–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Zeng Q, Deng Y, Zhang M, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Tang X (2013) Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi pulp of different cultivars cultivated in Southern China. Food Chem 136:1169–1176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao M, Yang B, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu L, Jiang Y (2007) Immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of flavonoids extracted from litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp. Int Immunopharmacol 7:162–166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou H, Lin Y, Li Y, Li M, Wei S, Chai W, Tam NF (2011a) Anti-oxidant properties of polymeric proanthocyanidins from fruit stones and pericarps of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Food Res Int 44:613–620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Wang H, Yang R, Huang H, Sun YM, Shen YD, Lei HT, Gao H (2011b) Effects of Litchi chinensis fruit isolates on prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in J774 murine macrophage cells. Afr J Biotechnol 10:13180–13188

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Devanshi Chandel Upadhyaya & Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya

Authors
  1. Devanshi Chandel Upadhyaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chandrama Prakash Upadhyaya .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manoj Kumar

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vivek Kumar

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Upadhyaya, D.C., Upadhyaya, C.P. (2017). Bioactive Compounds and Medicinal Importance of Litchi chinensis . In: Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Prasad, R., Varma, A. (eds) The Lychee Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3644-6_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation