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The Legume Nodule Microbiome: A Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria

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Probiotics and Plant Health

Abstract

Legume nodules harbour two types of bacteria, the rhizobia, responsible for their formation, and other endophytic bacteria whose role in the nodule is still poorly known. These bacteria constitute the nodule microbiome from which the rhizobia have been widely studied for decades, whereas the nodule endophytes have been started to be studied in the last years. These studies showed a more complex bacterial composition than previously thought, including bacteria from very different phylogenetic groups. Unlike other plant microbiomes, which have been widely studied by metagenomic techniques, the nodule microbiomes have been basically studied by culture-dependent methods because the main objective of the legume nodule studies is the selection of plant growth-promoting bacteria to be used in agronomic practices in a sustainable agriculture context. In this chapter we revise the groups of bacteria found to date in legume nodules that present in vitro mechanisms of plant growth promotion, with special emphasis in those that are able to promote the plant growth in plant assays.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank our numerous collaborators and students involved in this research over the years. Funding was provided by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and Junta de Castilla y León.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Encarna Velázquez, José David Flores-Félix, Esther Menéndez, Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena & Eustoquio Martínez-Molina

  2. Unidad Asociada Universidad de Salamanca- CSIC ‘Interacción Planta-Microorganismo’, Salamanca, Spain

    Encarna Velázquez, Eustoquio Martínez-Molina & Alvaro Peix

  3. School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Lorena Carro

  4. Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Pilar Martínez-Hidalgo

  5. Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, León, Spain

    Rebeca Mulas & Fernando González-Andrés

  6. IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain

    Alvaro Peix

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  1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vivek Kumar

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Manoj Kumar

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shivesh Sharma

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Prasad

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Velázquez, E. et al. (2017). The Legume Nodule Microbiome: A Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. In: Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Sharma, S., Prasad, R. (eds) Probiotics and Plant Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3473-2_3

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