Abstract
Establishing a modern NGO system is a significant national strategy proposed by the 18th National Congress of the CPC. In a modern NGO system, the essence of separation of government administration and NGO management is reform, the essence of well-defined rights and responsibilities is transformation, and the essence of self-governance by law is social reconstruction. A modern NGO system shall include five aspects: monitoring system, supporting system, cooperating system, governing system and operating system.
This paper is written by Wang Ming. Certain parts of the paper are included in Social Organization and Social Governance compiled by Wang Ming, Social Sciences Academic Press (China), June 2014.
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Notes
- 1.
In the Amendments to the Constitution (1993), Article 15 was revised from the original “The state shall practice planned economy on the basis of socialist public ownership” to “The state shall practice socialist market economy”. In the Amendments to the Constitution (2004), it further provided that “The state shall establish and perfect a social guarantee system that is compatible to its economic development level”. As such, the original social and economic rights which are otherwise abstract and programmatic have gradually been transformed into concrete and operational ones. Since a market economy takes free competition as its principle, and emphasizes maximum respect for individual rights and interests, adequately realizing and enjoying individual rights has become the premise of developing a market economy. Meanwhile, adequate realization of individual’s social and economic rights will in turn promote the safeguarding of citizens’ rights and interests.
- 2.
Any theoretical discussion on the nature of rights has an implicit logical premise that there is a well-defined boundary between different state powers and the spectrum for each kind of state power is clear. That is, although there are no definite provisions in the Constitution, however, based on the theory and interpretations of the Constitution, it can be logically concluded that an increasingly adequate protection of individual rights means that China has accepted the concept of a limited country and limited government. This has laid a foundation for the development of a civil society, and also reserved space for the expansion of self-governance.
- 3.
Hegel defined a civil society as a sum of interpersonal relationships including the exchange relation in a market economy. He described: “When men are thus dependent on one another and reciprocally related to one another in their work and the satisfaction of their needs, subjective self-seeking turns into a contribution to the satisfaction of the needs of everyone else. That is to say, by a dialectical advance, subjective self-seeking turns into the mediation of the particular through the universal, with the result that each man in gaining, producing, and enjoying on his own account is eo ipso producing and gaining for the enjoyment of everyone else. The compulsion which brings this about is rooted in the complex interdependence of each on all, and it now presents itself to each as the universal permanent capital.” The Philosophy of Right, Translated and Compiled by Yang Dongzhu et al., Beijing Press, October 2007, p. 210.
- 4.
For example, US currently has over 1.6 million non-profit NGOs of all kinds, while Germany, UK and Japan all have less than 1 million.
- 5.
See “July 1st Speech” by Hu Jintao in 2011.
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Wang, M. (2017). An Exposition of China’s New System—A Modern NGO System. In: Wang, M. (eds) A Discussion on Chinese Road of NGOs. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3404-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3404-6_2
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