Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to gain mechanistic insights into human diseases and to develop new treatment protocols. Although 2-dimensional (2-D) flat petri dish culture and in vivo disease-based models are the industrial gold standards for understanding the underlying disease pathophysiology and for drug screening/testing, they are associated with certain limitations. While the 2-D cell culture systems fail to mimic in vivo signaling, animal-based disease models are associated with long incubation period, high cost, ethical constraints as well as depiction of human pathology in different species. Therefore, there has been a paradigm shift towards the development of 3-dimensional (3-D) based in vitro disease models. These models act as bridging gaps between the aforementioned conventional strategies thereby fastening clinical translation. In this regard, biomedical engineering plays a key role towards the development of tissue engineering based 3-D disease models. These models have demonstrated success in recapitulating human diseases in terms of in vivo morphology and signaling. This chapter will present examples of biomaterials-based 3-D engineered disease models with a focus on cancer.
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Abbreviations
- 2-D:
-
Two-dimensional
- 3-D:
-
Three-dimensional
- α-SMA:
-
α-smooth muscle actin
- ABC:
-
ATP-binding cassette
- bFGF:
-
Basic fibroblast growth factor
- CAFs:
-
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
- CAM-DR:
-
Cell-adhesion mediated drug resistance
- CCL2:
-
Chemokine CC-motive ligand 2
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CSCs:
-
Cancer stem cells
- CSFs:
-
Colony stimulating factors
- CSF1:
-
Colony stimulating factor 1
- DCIS:
-
Ductal carcinoma in situ
- DEAE:
-
Diethylaminoethyl
- E-cad:
-
Epithelial-cadherin
- ECM:
-
Extracellular matrix
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- EMT:
-
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- EPC:
-
Endothelial progenitor cell
- FAP:
-
Fibroblast activation protein
- Fe3O4 :
-
Iron oxide
- GA:
-
Glutaraldehyde
- GAG:
-
Glycosaminoglycan
- G-CSF:
-
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
- GEMs:
-
Global eukaryotic microcarriers
- GM-CSF:
-
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- HA:
-
Hyaluronic acid
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells
- HGF:
-
Hepatocyte growth factor
- HIF-1:
-
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1
- HMF:
-
Human mammary fibroblasts
- HPV 16:
-
Human papilloma virus 16
- HTS:
-
High throughput screening
- IGF1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor 1
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin-6
- IL-8:
-
Interleukin-8
- MFs:
-
Myofibroblasts
- MMPs:
-
Matrix metalloproteases
- MP:
-
Microparticles
- N-cad:
-
Neural-cadherin
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NSCLS:
-
Non-small cell lung cancer
- PCL:
-
Poly(ε-caprolactone)
- PDGF:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor
- PDT:
-
Photodyanmic therapy
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene glycol
- PHEMA:
-
Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate
- PLA:
-
Polylactide
- PLG:
-
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
- PLGA:
-
Polylactic-co-glycolide
- PLLA-b-PEG-folate:
-
Polyl-lactic acid-b-polyethylene glycol-folate
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- RCCS:
-
Rotary cell culture system/bioreactor
- RGD:
-
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
- RTK:
-
Receptor tyrosine kinase
- SCLC:
-
Small cell lung cancer
- SDF1:
-
Stromal-cell derived factor 1
- sECM:
-
Synthetic ECM
- SV-40:
-
Simian virus 40
- TAMs:
-
Tumor associated macrophages
- TCPS:
-
Tissue culture polystyrene
- TE:
-
Tissue engineering
- TGFβ:
-
Transforming growth factor β
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor α
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- VPF:
-
Vascular permeability factor
- ZnPcSmix :
-
Zinc sulfophthalocyanine
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Acknowledgement
NA would like to acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, India for providing DST Inspire Faculty fellowship as well as All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, India as host institution. AF would like to acknowledge the University of South Australia as host institution.
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Arya, N., Forget, A. (2017). Biomaterials Based Strategies for Engineering Tumor Microenvironment. In: Tripathi, A., Melo, J. (eds) Advances in Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Advanced Structured Materials, vol 66. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3328-5_8
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