Abstract
Sericulture is agro based industry with its industrial super structure and low gestation period. It has rural base with equal opportunity to all age, gender, education and economic status human society. This industry is environmental ecofriendly and does not interfere with any agricultural activity; rather it provides supports to agriculture, dairy, fisheries, live stock culture, organic farming in rural area. This is an attempt to provide information on sericulture industry, silk production, history of silk filament and all related components like silkworm rearing, host plant culture, extraction of silk and management of diseases to ensure quality production of silk. The global mulberry raw silk production largely depends on superior silkworm hybrids, improved rearing technology, nutritious mulberry leaf (feed to silkworm), disease free environment for rearing and improved cocoon reeling system for higher quality raw silk production. Cocoon quality contributes to a great extent in cocoon productivity and raw silk production. Various chapters under the article deal with techniques related to qualitative and quantitative improvement in silk cocoons production, besides scientific principles behind the sericulture in general and silkworm in particular. Recently, biotechnology has opened up new dimension in sericulture industry in general and silkworm breeding in particular. Synthesis of disease resistant silkworm genotypes through gene manipulation has been attempted in recent past.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aruga H (1994) Principles of sericulture. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 1–362
Banno, Y. et al (2013) Cytology 66(3):283–287. Cited in Iyengar MNS (2013) Long-term preservation of Bombyx mori silkworm strains using frozen ovaries. Indian Silk 4(3):22–23
Barber E (1991) Prehistoric textiles. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Basavaraja HK, Aswath SK, Suresh Kumar N, Mal Reddy N, Kalpana GV (2005) A Text Book on Silkworm breeding and genetic. Published by Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, Bangalore
Benchamin KV, Gapuz JV, Jayaramraju P (1990) Influence of photoperiod on emergence, fecundity and fertility in multivoltine breeds of silkworm Bombyx mori. L. Indian J Seric 29(1):110–118
Bose PC, Bindroo BB (2001) A comparative biochemical study of seven promising mulberry (Morus alba L.) varieties under rainfed condition of sub-tropic region. Indian J Seric 40:171–173
Boulnois L (1966) The silk road. George Allen & Unwin editions, Ltd, London
Bruford MW, Wayne RK (1993) Microsatellites and their application to population genetic studies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 3:939–943
Chakraborti S, Singhal BK (1996) Seasonal variation in ascorbic acid content of promising mulberry genotypes. Indian J Plant Physiol 1:298–299
Chandrakala MV, Maribashetty VG, Jyothi HK (1999) Application of phytoecdysteroid in sericulture. Curr Sci 74:341–346
Chang KC (1960) Archaeology in China. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Chatterjee SN, Rao CGP, Chatterjee GK, Aswath SK, Patnaik AK (1993) Correlation between yield and biochemical parameters in the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L. Theor Appl Genet 87:385–391
Chauhan TPS, Lakshmanan V, Rajlakshmi E, Thiagarajan V (1997) Biotechnological approach in synthesizing new genotypes of silkworm Bombyx mori (L). pp 183–193 cited in book Mordern trends of research in Zoology. Edited by MM Prakash and PK Sandhvi. Pub. RBSA Publisher S.M.S. Highway, Jaipur, India
Chauhan TPS, Tayal MK, Dhar A, Khan MA (2008) Mulberry pest forecasting and control measures. Asian Text J 17:67–70
Chauhan TPS, Tayal MK, Rajlakshmi E, Bania HR, Dhar A, Bindroo BB, Khan MA (2011) Yellow mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus): Incidence on mulberry. Indian Silk 2 (50 old) (4):8–10
Chinya PK, Ramesh Kumar S (1994) Studies on molecular basis of immunity in silkworm Bombyx mori: Identification of antibacterial antiviral protein. In: Annual report (1993–94), Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India. p 66
Dandin SB (2006) Mulberry host plant management and improvement. In: Proceedings of regional seminar on prospects and problems of sericulture as an economic enterprise in North India. Organised by Central Silk Board, Dehradun, India. pp 1–10.
Das, BC (1983) Mulberry taxonomy, cytology and breeding. Cited in Lead paper presented in National Seminar on Silk Research and Development. Publisher Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India. pp 1–9
Das PK, Choudhury PC, Gupta YK, Ghosh A, Datta RK (1993) Effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and spacings on the growth, yield and nutritional quality of mulberry under rainfed conditions. Indian J Seric 36(2):201–207
Doira H (1978) Genetic stocks of silkworm. In: Tazima Y (ed) The silkworm: an important laboratory tool. Kodansa, Tokyo, pp 53–81
Dutta RK (1994) Biotechnology signals new phases. In: Souvenir, international conference on sericulture global silk scenario- 2001, 25–29 Oct 1994. pp 71–78
Francis W (2002) The silk road: two thousands year in the heart of Asia. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 9, 13–33
Ghosh A, Ambika PK, Mishra RK (1997) Effect of varities, spacings and fertilizer doses on growth, yield and quality of mulberry. Indian J Seric 36(2):138–141
Gopinath OK, Rajkumar S, Balakrishna R, Qadri SMH (2013) Giant Agrican snail noticed infesting mulberry gardens in Tamil Nadu. Indian Silk 3(10,11):12
Hashimoto H (1948) Sex-limited Zebra, an X-ray mutation in the silkworm. J Seric Sci Jpn 16:62–64
Hayaskiya K, Nishida J, Matsubara F (1969) The production of antiviral substances, red florescent protein in the digestive juice of the silkworm larvae. Appl Entomol Zool 4:154–155
Irfan I, Vishal M, Ramegowda GK, Dhar A (2013) Leaf webber-a serious insect pest of mulberry in Kashmir. Indian Silk 3 (51 old) (10&11):8–10
Iyengar MNS (2013) Long-term preservation of Bombyx mori silkworm strains using frozen ovaries. Indian Silk 4(3):22–23
Jolly MS (1987) Appropriate sericulture techniques. Edited and Printed by Geetanjali Printers, Bangalore, pp 1–175
Kathirvel P, Chatterjee GK, Rao CGP, Chinya PK, Dutta RK (1994) RFLP mapping in Bombyx mori (L). Annual Report (1993–94), Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India
Kawaguchi E (1934) Chromosomal behavior in tetraploid female of the silkworm. J Seric Jpn 5(2):73–79
Kawakami K, Somashekar TH (1997) Operational manual for reelers on bivoltine silk reeling technology. CSTRI, Bangalore
Khan MA, Dhar A, Zea SB, Trag AR (2004) Pest and diseases of mulberry and their management. Publisher Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India pp. 1–68
Krishnaswami S (1988) Chawki- the crucial input for the success of sericulture. Indian Silk 26(10):82–87
Krishnaswami S, Narasimhanna MN, Suryanarayan SK, Kumarajan S (1987a) Sericulture manual 2 – silkworm rearing. In: FAO manuals on sericulture. United Nations, Rome, pp 10–131 (Reprinted by Central Silk Board, Bangalore)
Krishnaswami S, Madhava Rao NR, Suryanarayan SK, Sundaramurthy TS (1987b) Sericulture manual 3 – silk reeling. In: FAO manuals on sericulture. United Nations, Rome, pp 3–112 (Reprinted by Central Silk Board, Bangalore)
Kuhn, D. (1982) The silk workshops of the Shang Dynasty (16th-l1th century BC). In: Hu Daojing, exec. (ed) Explorations in the history of science and technology in China. Shanghai Classics Publishing House, Shanghai, pp 367–408
Machii H (2015) Current status of sericulture and prospects for silk industry in Japan. Indian Silk 5(10, 11):18–19
Machii H, Katagiri K (1991) Varietal differences in nutritional value of mulberry leaves for rearing silkworms. JARQ 25(3):202–208
Maji MD, Banerjee R, Chattopadhyay S, Saha AB, Ghosh PK, Ghosh PL (2006) Eco-friendly management of foliar diseases of mulberry through botanical and bio-control agents. In: Proceedings of regional seminar on prospects and problems of sericulture as an economic enterprise in North India. Organised by Central Silk Board, Dehradun, India, pp 74–80
Manjula A, Hurkadli H (1986) Cold acid treatment of bivoltine silkworm eggs, Bombyx mori for tropical countries. Séricologia 26(1):138–141
Manjula A, Hurkadli HK (1995) Chilling of silkworm eggs, Bombyx mori. Indian Text J 11:70–74
Minamizawa K (1997) Moriculture-science of mulberry cultivation. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (Translated from Japanese)
Mita K (2012) Silk genomes opens new silk road for insect science and its applications. Indian Silk 2(10):4–9
Miyashita Y (1986) A report on mulberry cultivation and training methods suitable to bivoltine rearing in Karnataka, pp 1–7
Mukharjee NG (1899) Hand book of sericulture in Bengal. Calcutta
Mukharjee NG (1907) A bird eye views of Indian sericulture. Calcutta
Muroga A (1996) Comprehensive report. Central Silk Board, Bangalore
Nanavati MM (1965) Silk from grub to glamour. Central Silk Board, Bombay
Narasimhamurthy CV, Subramanyam KV (1998) Effect of shoot rearing on silkworm cocoon crop performance. Indian J Seric 27(2):156–158
Nunome J (1992) The archaeology of fiber before your eyes: a compilation of photographs of fiber artifacts. Senshoku to Seikatsusha, Kyoto
Rahaman MS, Gandhi Dass S, Ghosh MK, Bajapai AK (2010) A new cold tolerant mulberry variety genotype. Indian Silk 1(7) (old 49):8–9
Rajan RK, Singh GB, Himantharaj MT, Nataraju B, Balavenkatasubbaiah M (2003) In: Kawakami K, Yanagawa H (ed) Illustrated working process of new bivoltine silkworm rearing technology. Published under JICA, India P.E.B.S. project, CSRTI, Sripampura, Mysore-570008, India, pp 1–92
Rangaswami G, Narasimhanna MN, Kasiviswanathan K, Sastry CR, Jolly MS(1987) Sericulture manual 1-Mulberry cultivation. In: FAO manuals on sericulture. United Nations, Rome, pp 34–82 (Reprinted by Central Silk Board, Bangalore)
Rau MA (1967) The sacred mulberry of Joshimath, U.P. Indian Forester 93(8):333–335
Sarkar A, Balakrishna R, Mogli T, Thippeswamy T, Urs MKP, Yamajaki A (2003) In: Kawakami K, Yanagawa H (ed) Illustrated working process of new mulberry cultivation technology. Published under JICA, India P.E.B.S. project, CSRTI, Sripampura, Mysore, pp 1–102
Sekharappa BM, Radhakrishna PG,Raghuraman R, Dandin SB (1994) Consolidation of new rearing technologies in the field for productivity improvement by 2001. In: Proceeding of international conference on sericologia, pp 214–221
Sekharappa BM, Muniraju E, Gururaj CS (1995) Use of isolation chamber for young age (chawki) silkworm in triopics. Séricologia 35(3):525–534
Sekharappa BM, Gururaj CS, Raghuraman R, Dandin SB (1997) Shoot feeding for late age silkworm rearing, Technical bull no 5. KSSR&DI, Bangalore, pp. 1–27
Selvakumar T, Mallikarjuna, Shivanna MS, Shashidhar K, Angadi BS (2015) A new low cost drilling machine cocoon deflosser. Indian Silk 5(10, 11):26–27
Sethuraman BN (1991) Isolation and characterization of antiviral factor(s) in silkworm, Bombyx mori. Dissertation submitted to Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Sharma DD (1998) Ecofriendly approach for management of root knot. Indian Silk 37(4): 15–16
Shetty KK, Dilip Kumar K, Kumaresan P (2015) Sericulture industry in India – prospects Galore. Indian Silk 5(10, 11) (old 53):14–17
Shree MP, Ravikumar K, Nagveni V (2006) Infection of giant African snail on mulberry. Indian Silk 45(3):14–16
Singh GP, Himantharaj MT, Kamble CK, Datta RK (1998) Impact of different types of mountages on cocoon and rearing parameters in silkworm Bombyx mori L. Séricologia 38(2):321–325
Singh RN, Samson MV, Dutta RK (2000) Pest management in sericulture. Indian Publishers Distributor, Delhi
Singhavi NR, Reddy MJM, Chakravarthy S, Rekha M, Sarkar A, Subbaswamy MR, Datta RK (2000) Leaf nutrient status of a few popular mulberry varieties. Indian J Seric 39(1):93–96
Soumen C, Rita B, Debasish B, Atul Kumar S, Bindroo BB (2013) Antioxidants from mulberry to combat degenerative chronic diseases. Indian Silk 3(10,11):4–7
Tanaka Y (1916) Genetic studies in the silkworm. J Coll Assoc Sapporo 7:129–155
Tazima Y (1941) A simple method of sex discrimination by means of larval markings in Bombyx mori. J Seric Sci Jpn 12:184–188
Tazima Y (1954) Mechanism of sex discrimination in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Proc Int Cong Genet Cytol 6(Suppl):858–960
Tazima Y (1972) Handbook of silkworm rearing, agriculture technical manual-1. Fuji publication Co. Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 122–127
Tazima Y (1978) Silkworm Egg. Published by Central Silk Board, Bombay
Tazima Y (1991) Improvement of biological functions in the silkworm (translated from Japanese). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Tikader A (2001) Occurrence of wild mulberry silkworm in Uttaranchal. Indian Silk 40(3):19–20
Tikader A, Rao AA, Mukharjee P (1999) Ex sito conservation of oldest mulberry tree. Indian Silk 38(2):17–18
Tikader A, Rao AA, Thagavelu K (2002) Geographical distribution of Indian mulberry species. Indian J Pl Genet Resources 15(3):262–266
Trivedi K, Nair KS, Ramesh M, Gopal N, Kumar N (2003) Early and uniform maturation in silkworm Bombyx mori L. by phytoecdysteroid extracted from a plant of family Caryophyallaceae. Int J Indus Entomol 7:65–68
Varadarajan L (1988) Silk in Northeastern and Eastern India: The indigenous tradition. Mod Asian Stud 22(3):561–570
Verma S, Dandin SB (2006) Mechanisation in sericulture. Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore
Watt G (1893) Dictionary of the economic products of India, vol VI, Pt. iii. W.H. Allen, London
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India, for providing the opportunity to learn and understand the core issues related to sericulture industry in general and Indian sericulture in particular, which has helped us in writing this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chauhan, T.P.S., Tayal, M.K. (2017). Mulberry Sericulture. In: Omkar (eds) Industrial Entomology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3303-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3304-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)