Skip to main content

Facial Expression Classification Using Machine Learning Approach: A Review

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Data Engineering and Intelligent Computing

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 542 ))

Abstract

Automatic Facial Expression analysis has enthralled increasing attention in the research community in excess of two decades and its expedient in many application like, face animation, customer satisfaction studies, human-computer interaction and video conferencing. The precisely classifying different emotion is an essential problem in facial expression recognition research. There are several machine learning algorithms applied to facial expression recognition expedition. In this paper, we surveyed three different machine learning algorithms such as Bayesian Network, Hidden Markov Model and Support Vector machine and we attempt to answer following questions: How classification algorithm used its characteristics for emotion recognition? How various parameters in learning algorithm is devoted for better classification? What are the robust features used for training? Finally, we examined how advances in machine learning technique used for facial expression recognition?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Singh, M., Majumder, A., Behera, L.: Facial expressions recognition system using Bayesian inference. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1502–1509. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pantic, M., Rothkrantz, L.J.M.: Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12, 1424–1445 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hjelmas, E., Low, B.K.: Face detection: a survey. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 3, 236–274 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Michel, P., El Kaliouby, R.: Real time facial expression recognition in video using support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, pp. 258–264. ACM (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Yang, Y., Fang, D., Zhu, D.: Facial expression recognition using deep belief network. Rev. Tec. Ing. Univ. Zulia. 39(2), 384–392 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Simplicio, C., Prado, J., Dias, J.: Comparing bayesian networks to classify facial expressions. In: Proceedings of RA-IASTED, the 15th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Datcu, D., Rothkrantz, L.J.M.: Automatic recognition of facial expressions using bayesian belief networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 3, pp. 2209–2214. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Miyakoshi, Y., Kato, S.: Facial emotion detection considering partial occlusion of face using Bayesian network. In: IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI), pp. 96–101. IEEE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Otsuka, T., Ohya, J: Recognizing multiple persons’ facial expressions using HMM based on automatic extraction of significant frames from image sequences. In: International Conference on Image Processing Proceedings, vol. 2, pp. 546–549. IEEE (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cohen, I., Garg, A., Huang, T.S.: Emotion recognition from facial expressions using multilevel HMM. In: Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 2 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Khademi, M., Manzuri-Shalmani, M.T., Kiapour, M.H., Kiaei, A.A.: Recognizing combinations of facial action units with different intensity using a mixture of hidden markov models and neural network. In: International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems, pp. 304–313. Springer, Berlin (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Abdulrahman, M., Eleyan, A.: Facial expression recognition using support vector machines. In: 23nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), pp. 276–279. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dumas, M.: Emotional expression recognition using support vector machines. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tsai, H.-H., Lai, Y.-S., Zhang, Y.-C.: Using SVM to design facial expression recognition for shape and texture features. In: International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, vol. 5, pp. 2697–2704. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Liu, S., Tian, Y., Peng, C., Li, J.: Facial expression recognition approach based on least squares support vector machine with improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), pp. 399–404. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ramachandran, R., Rajeev, D.C., Krishnan, S.G., Subathra, P.: Deep learning—an overview. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 10(10), 25433–25448 (2015). Research India Publications

    Google Scholar 

  17. Haridas, N., Sowmya, V., Soman, K.P.: GURLS vs LIBSVM: performance comparison of kernel methods for hyperspectral image classification. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 8, 24 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chang, C.-C., Lin, C.-J.: LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. (TIST), vol. 3 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Baskar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Baskar, A., Gireesh Kumar, T. (2018). Facial Expression Classification Using Machine Learning Approach: A Review. In: Satapathy, S., Bhateja, V., Raju, K., Janakiramaiah, B. (eds) Data Engineering and Intelligent Computing. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 542 . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3223-3_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3223-3_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3222-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3223-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics