Skip to main content

Love and the Nuclear Family in the Kindergarten: Critical Analyses of HeteronormativitieS

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Feminism(s) in Early Childhood

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Children and Young People ((PCYP,volume 4))

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to point to and problematize heteronormativity in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and disrupt patriarchal and normalized knowledge about love and the nuclear family. To rethink social justice in ECEC, I use the concept heteronormativitieS in plural and with a capital S. This is inspired by the work of Rhedding-Jones (2005a, b), as a part of an epistemological critique of the idea of meaning as stable and fixed. Heteronormativity is not a stable concept with a fixed meaning regardless of the context that plays out in a way that can be foreseen by preschool teachers in kindergartens. HeteronormativitieS rather play out in different and surprising ways, and therefore need to be reflected on critically in everyday practice. Children growing up in contemporary Norway have multiple and complex experiences around what it means to be a family, challenging heteronormative assumptions. In this chapter rather than defining what heteronormativity is, I play with what heteronormativitieS can be and how it can play out in ECEC contexts, by looking at how love and the nuclear family is represented in children’s books.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The excerpts and analyses presented in this article are reworked rewritings of data and analyses from my master’s thesis (Bustos 2007).

  2. 2.

    My translation, original in Norwegian Petra vil at alle skal ha en venn (Bringsværd and Holt 1996).

  3. 3.

    My translation, original in Norwegian Petra vil bli dyrlege (Bringsværd and Holt 1993).

  4. 4.

    My translation, original in Norwegian Mitt første leksikon (Landsem and Kaasa 2004).

References

  • Askland, L., & Rossholt, N. (2009). Kjønnsdiskurser i barnehagen: mening, makt, medvirkning [Gender discourses in the kindergarten: Meaning, power and participation]. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaise, M. (2005a). A feminist poststructural study of children “doing” gender in an urban kindergarten classroom. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 20(1), 85–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blaise, M. (2005b). Playing it straight: Uncovering gender discourses in the early childhood classroom. London, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bringsværd, T. Å., & Holt, A. (1993). Petra vil bli dyrlege [Petra wants to be a vet]. Oslo: J.W. Cappelens Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bringsværd, T. Å., & Holt, A. (1996). Petra vil at alle skal ha en venn [Petra wants everyone to have a friend]. Oslo: J.W. Cappelens Forlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bustos, M. M. F. (2006). Hun leker at det er to mammaer. Har du lagt merke til det? [She is playing that there are two moms. Have you noticed?]. Barnehagefolk, 22(3), 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bustos, M. M. F. (2007). Virkeligheten VirkelighetER: heteronormalisering som kritisk tema i barnehagefaglige teorier og praksiser [Reality RealitieS: heteronormalisation as a critical issue in early childhood theory and practice] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Oslo University College, Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bustos, M. M. F. (2011). Heteronormalisering i barnehagen [Heteronormalization in the kindergarten]. In A. M. Otterstad & J. Rhedding-Jones (Eds.), Barnehagepedagogiske diskurser (pp. 158–171). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1999). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B. (2003). Frogs and snails and feminist tales: Preschool children and gender. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J. (1976). Of grammatology (G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Baltimore, London: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekteskap og skilsmisser [Marriage and divorce]. (2016). Statistics Norway (SSB). Retrieved February 2016 from http://www.ssb.no/ekteskap/

  • Fjær, E. G., & Backe-Hansen, E. (2013). Å ha foreldre av samme kjønn—hvordan er det, og hvor mange gjelder det? [To have parents of the same gender—How is it and how many do it concern?]. Oslo: NOVA.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, A. C., Child, C., Madden, B., Purdue, K., Surtees, N., & Thurlow, B. (2004). Building inclusive communities in early childhood education: Diverse perspectives from Aotearoa/New Zealand. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 2(3), 293–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haldar, M. (2006). Kjærlighetskunnskap: Tolvåringers fortellinger om romantikk og familieliv [Love knowledge: Twelve year olds tellings about romance and family life]. Oslo: Oslo University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, E. T. (2009). Ikke kul, men vakker: en casestudie om barn som oppfører seg som det annet kjønn [Not cool, but beautiful: A case study about children who behave like the opposite sex] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Oslo University College, Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, K. (2010). Lesbiske mødres fortellinger fra barnehagen [Lesbian mothers stories from the kindergarten] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Oslo University College, Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunnskapsdepartementet. (2011). Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver [National framework plan for early childhood education and care in Norway]. Oslo: Kunnskapsdepartementet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landsem, I., & Kaasa, M. (2004). Mitt første leksikon [My first encyclopedia]. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordin-Hultman, E. (2004). Pedagogiske miljøer og barns subjektskaping [Pedagogical environment and children’s construction of subjectivity]. Oslo: Pedagogisk Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochsner, M. B. (2000). Gendered make-up. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 1(2), 209–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinliwan, K. (1999). ‘You have to be pretty, you have to be slim, and you have to be heterosexual, I think’: The operation and disruption of heteronormalizing processes within the peer culture of two single sex girls’ high schools in New Zealand. Women’s Studies Journal, (Special issue), 51–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhedding-Jones, J. (2003). Complexity in research: The risky business of including it. Refereed paper for New Zealand and Australian Associations in Education, Combined Annual Conference, 30 November–3 December. Paper number: RHE03254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhedding-Jones, J. (2005a). What is research? Methodological practices and new approaches. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhedding-Jones, J. (2005b). Questioning diversity. In N. Yelland (Ed.), Critical issues in early childhood education (pp. 131–145). Berkshire: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, K. H. (2002). Making the invisible visible: Gay and lesbians issues in early childhood education. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 3(3), 415–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, K. H. (2005a). Doing anti-homophobia and anti-sexism in early childhood education: Moving beyond the immobilizing impacts of ‘risks’, ‘fears’ and ‘silences’. Can we afford not to? Contemporary Issues of Early Childhood, 3(3), 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, K. H. (2005b). ‘Queering’ gender: Heteronormativity in early childhood education. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 30(2), 19–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, K., & Jones Diaz, C. (2006). Diversity and difference in early childhood education. Issues for theory and practice. Berkshire, New York: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Røthing, Å., & Aarseth, H. (2006). Kjønn og familie [Gender and family]. In J. Lorentzen & W. Mühleisen (Eds.), Kjønnsforskning: en grunnbok (pp. 169–176). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • St. Pierre, E. (2000). Poststructural feminism in education: An overview. Qualitative Studies in Education, 13(5), 477–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surtees, N. (2003). Unraveling the woven mat: Queering Te Whäriki. Waikato Journal of Education, 9, 143–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surtees, N. (2005). Teacher talk about and around sexualities in early childhood: Deciphering an unwritten code. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 6(1), 19–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi, H. L. (2004). In på bara benet. En introduktion till feministisk poststrukturalism [Down to the bare bone: An introduction to feminist poststructuralism]. Stockholm: HLS Förlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A., & Richardson, C. (2005). Queering home corner. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 6(2), 163–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weedon, C. (1997). Feminist practice and poststructuralist theory (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcela Montserrat Fonseca Bustos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bustos, M.M.F. (2017). Love and the Nuclear Family in the Kindergarten: Critical Analyses of HeteronormativitieS. In: Smith, K., Alexander, K., Campbell, S. (eds) Feminism(s) in Early Childhood. Perspectives on Children and Young People, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3057-4_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3057-4_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3055-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3057-4

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics