Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ex Situ Production Routes for Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aluminum and Magnesium Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

Part of the book series: Engineering Materials ((ENG.MAT.))

Abstract

Among different production routes hitherto developed for the manufacturing of metal matrix nanocomposites, a distinction can be done depending upon the matrix state during the production process, which can be molten, solid or semi-solid. In this Chapter, an overview of ex situ production routes is given, highlighting their general potential and shortcomings. Relevant case studies on the most promising and widespread casting production routes will be discussed more in detail in Chap. 3.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hamedan, A.D., Shahmiri, M.: Production of A356–1wt% SiC nanocomposite by the modified stir casting method. Mater Sci Eng A 556, 921–926 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.07.093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sajjadi, S.A., Ezatpour, H.R., Beygi, H.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Al2O3 micro and nano composites fabricated by stir casting. Mater Sci Eng A 528, 8765–8771 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mazahery, A., Abdizadeh, H., Baharvandi, H.R.: Development of high-performance A356/nano-Al2O3 composites. Mater Sci Eng A 518, 61–64 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hashim, J., Looney, L., Hashmi, M.S.J.: Metal matrix composites: production by the stir casting method. J Mater Process Technol 93, 1–7 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Clyne, T.W., Withers, PJ.: An introduction to metal matrix composites. Cambridge University Press (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Surappa, M.K.: Aluminium matrix composites: challenges and opportunities. Sadhana 28, 319–334 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Suresh, S.M., Mishra, D., Srinivasan, A. et al.: Production and characterization of micro and nano Al2O3 particle-reinforced LM25 aluminium alloy composites. 6, 94–98 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hemanth, J.: Development and property evaluation of aluminum alloy reinforced with nano-ZrO2 metal matrix composites (NMMCs). Mater Sci Eng A 507, 110–113 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Li, Q., Rottmair, C.A., Singer, R.F.: CNT reinforced light metal composites produced by melt stirring and by high pressure die casting. Compos Sci Technol 70, 2242–2247 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.05.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yar, A., Montazerian, M., Abdizadeh, H., Baharvandi, H.R.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced with nano-particle MgO. J Alloys Compd 484, 400–404 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cao, G., Choi, H., Oportus, J., et al.: Study on tensile properties and microstructure of cast AZ91D/AlN nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 494, 127–131 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.04.070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Donthamsetty, S., Damera, N.R., Jain, P.K.: Ultrasonic cavitation assisted fabrication and characterization of A356 metal matrix nanocomposite reiforced with Sic, B4C, CNTs. AIJSTPME 2, 27–34 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Karbalaei Akbari, M., Mirzaee, O., Baharvandi, H.R.: Fabrication and study on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of nanometric Al2O3 particle-reinforced A356 composites focusing on the parameters of vortex method. Mater Des 46, 199–205 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.10.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhou, W., Xu, Z.M.: Casting of SiC reinforced metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 63, 358–363 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mazahery, A., Shabani, M.O.: Characterization of cast A356 alloy reinforced with nano SiC composites. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 22, 275–280 (2012). doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61171-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Su, H., Gao, W., Zhang, H., et al.: Study on preparation of large sized nanoparticle reinforced aluminium matrix composite by solid-liquid mixed casting process. Mater Sci Technol 28, 178–183 (2012). doi:10.1179/1743284711Y.0000000009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mazahery, A., Shabani, M.O.: Nano-sized silicon carbide reinforced commercial casting aluminum alloy matrix: experimental and novel modeling evaluation. Powder Technol 217, 558–565 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2011.11.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Su, H., Gao, W., Feng, Z., Lu, Z.: Processing, microstructure and tensile properties of nano-sized Al2O3 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Mater Des 36, 590–596 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. So, K.P., Jeong, J.C., Park, J.G., et al.: SiC formation on carbon nanotube surface for improving wettability with aluminum. Compos Sci Technol 74, 6–13 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.09.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cao, G., Kobliska, J., Konishi, H., Li, X.: Tensile properties and microstructure of SiC nanoparticle-reinforced Mg-4Zn alloy fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation-based solidification processing. Metall Mater Trans A 39, 880–886 (2008). doi:10.1007/s11661-007-9453-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lan, J., Yang, Y., Li, X.: Microstructure and microhardness of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium composites fabricated by ultrasonic method. Mater Sci Eng A 386, 284–290 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.07.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Mula, S., Padhi, P., Panigrahi, S.C., et al.: On structure and mechanical properties of ultrasonically cast Al–2 % Al2O3 nanocomposite. Mater Res Bull 44, 1154–1160 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2008.09.040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang, Y., Lan, J., Li, X.: Study on bulk aluminum matrix nano-composite fabricated by ultrasonic dispersion of nano-sized SiC particles in molten aluminum alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 380, 378–383 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Choi, H., Konishi, H., Li, X.: Al2O3 nanoparticles induced simultaneous refinement and modification of primary and eutectic Si particles in hypereutectic Al–20Si alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 541, 159–165 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Puga, H., Barbosa, J., Costa, S., et al.: Influence of indirect ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al–Si–Cu alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 560, 589–595 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cao, G., Konishi, H., Li, X.: Mechanical properties and microstructure of SiC-reinforced Mg-(2,4)Al-1Si nanocomposites fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation based solidification processing. Mater Sci Eng A 486, 357–362 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Qian, M., Ramirez, A.: Ultrasonic grain refinement of magnesium and its alloys. In: Czerwinski, F. (ed.) Magnes, pp. 163–186. Alloy Des Process Prop, InTech (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Li, X., Yang, Y., Cheng, X.: Ultrasonic-assisted fabrication of metal matrix nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 39, 3211–3212 (2004). doi:10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025862.23609.6f

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Choi, H., Jones, M., Konishi, H., Li, X.: Effect of combined addition of Cu and aluminum oxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-7Si-0.3 Mg alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 738–746 (2011). doi:10.1007/s11661-011-0905-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yang, Y., Li, X.: Ultrasonic cavitation-based nanomanufacturing of bulk aluminum matrix nanocomposites. J Manuf Sci Eng 129, 252 (2007). doi:10.1115/1.2194064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kandemir, S., Yalamanchili, A., Atkinson, H.V.: Production of aluminium matrix nanocomposite feedstock for thixoforming by an ultrasonic method. Key. Eng. Mater. 504–506, 339–344 (2012). doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.504-506.339

    Google Scholar 

  32. Suslick, K.S., Didenko, Y., Fang, M.M., et al.: Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences. Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A. 335–353 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Liu, Z., Han, Q., Li, J.: Ultrasound assisted in situ technique for the synthesis of particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Compos Part B Eng 42, 2080–2084 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Choi, H., Cho, W., Li, X.C., et al.: Scale-up ultrasonic processing system for batch production of metallic nanocomposites. In: AFS Proceedings, pp. 1–7 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lai, S.W., Chung, D.D.L.: Fabrication of particulate aluminium-matrix composites by liquid metal infiltration. J Mater Sci 29, 3128–3150 (1994). doi:10.1007/BF00356655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Lai, S.W., Chung, D.D.L.: Phase distribution and associated mechanical property distribution in silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminium fabricated by liquid metal infiltration. J Mater Sci 29, 2998–3016 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Balch, D.K., Mortensen, A., Suresh, S., et al.: Thermal expansion of metals reinforced with ceramic particles and microcellular foams. Metall Mater Trans A 27, 3700–3717 (1996). doi:10.1007/BF02595462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Muscat, D., Drew, R.A.L.: A method of measuring metal infiltration rates in porous preforms at high temperature. J Mater Sci Lett 12, 1567–1569 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Fukunaga, H., Goda, K. Fabrication of fiber reinforced metal by squeeze casting : pressurized infiltration process of molten aluminum to continuous glass fiber bundle. Bull. JSME. (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rohatgi, P., Guo, R., Iksan, H., et al.: Pressure infiltration technique for synthesis of aluminum–fly ash particulate composite. Mater Sci Eng A 244, 22–30 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00822-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lai, S.W., Chung, D.D.L.: Fabrication of particulate aluminium-matrix composites by liquid metal infiltration. J Mater Sci 29, 3128–3150 (1994). doi:10.1007/BF00356655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Babu, J.S.S., Nair, K.P., Unnikrishnan, G., et al.: Fabrication and properties of magnesium (AM50)-based hybrid composites with graphite nanofiber and alumina short fiber. J Compos Mater 44, 971–987 (2009). doi:10.1177/0021998309349548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Zhou, S., Zhang, X., Ding, Z., et al.: Fabrication and tribological properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced Al composites prepared by pressureless infiltration technique. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 38, 301–306 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Xiong, B., Xu, Z., Yan, Q., et al.: Fabrication of SiC nanoparticulates reinforced Al matrix composites by combining pressureless infiltration with ball-milling and cold-pressing technology. J Alloys Compd 497, L1–L4 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Xiong, B., Xu, Z., Yan, Q., et al.: Effects of SiC volume fraction and aluminum particulate size on interfacial reactions in SiC nanoparticulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites. J Alloys Compd 509, 1187–1191 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Tham, L., Gupta, M., Cheng, L.: Influence of processing parameters on the near-net shape synthesis of aluminium-based metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 89–90, 128–134 (1999). doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00002-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Goh, C.S., Wei, J., Lee, L.C., Gupta, M.: Simultaneous enhancement in strength and ductility by reinforcing magnesium with carbon nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng A 423, 153–156 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Srivatsan, T.S., Godbole, C., Paramsothy, M., Gupta, M.: Influence of nano-sized carbon nanotube reinforcements on tensile deformation, cyclic fatigue, and final fracture behavior of a magnesium alloy. J Mater Sci 47, 3621–3638 (2011). doi:10.1007/s10853-011-6209-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ho, K., Gupta, M., Srivatsan, T.: The mechanical behavior of magnesium alloy AZ91 reinforced with fine copper particulates. Mater Sci Eng A 369, 302–308 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2003.11.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Goh, C.S., Wei, J., Lee, L.C., Gupta, M.: Ductility improvement and fatigue studies in Mg-CNT nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 68, 1432–1439 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Goh, C., Wei, J., Lee, L., Gupta, M.: Properties and deformation behaviour of Mg–Y2O3 nanocomposites. Acta Mater 55, 5115–5121 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Gupta, M., Sharon, N.M.L.: Magnesium, Magnesium Alloys, and Magnesium Composites. Wiley (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Wang, L., Turnley, P., Savage, G.: Gas content in high pressure die castings. J Mater Process Technol 211, 1510–1515 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.03.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Long, A., Thornhill, D., Armstrong, C., Watson, D.: Predicting die life from die temperature for high pressure dies casting aluminium alloy. Appl Therm Eng 44, 100–107 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Suryanarayana, C., Al-Aqeeli, N.: Mechanically alloyed nanocomposites. Prog Mater Sci 58, 383–502 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Cintas, J., Cuevas, F.G., Montes, J.M., Herrera, E.J.: High-strength PM aluminium by milling in ammonia gas and sintering. Scr Mater 53, 1165–1170 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.07.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Ye, J., He, J., Schoenung, J.M.: Cryomilling for the fabrication of a particulate B 4 C reinforced Al nanocomposite : Part I. Effects of process conditions on structure. Metall. Mater. Trans. A (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Liu, Y.B., Lim, S.C., Lu, L., Lai, M.O.: Recent development in the fabrication of metal matrix-particulate composites using powder metallurgy techniques. J Mater Sci 29, 1999–2007 (1994). doi:10.1007/BF01154673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Bera, S., Chowdhury, S.G., Estrin, Y., Manna, I.: Mechanical properties of Al7075 alloy with nano-ceramic oxide dispersion synthesized by mechanical milling and consolidated by equal channel angular pressing. J Alloys Compd 548, 257–265 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Suryanarayana, C.: Synthesis of nanocomposites by mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd 509, S229–S234 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Suryanarayana, C.: Mechanical alloying and milling. Prog Mater Sci 46, 1–184 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Witkin, D.B., Lavernia, E.J.: Synthesis and mechanical behavior of nanostructured materials via cryomilling. Prog Mater Sci 51, 1–60 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Fecht, H.J.: Nanostructure formation by mechanical attrition. Nanostruct Mater 6, 33–42 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Tellkamp, V.L., Melmed, A., Lavernia, E.J.: Mechanical behavior and microstructure of a thermally stable bulk nanostructured Al alloy 32, 2335–2343 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Zhou, F., Lee, J., Dallek, S., Lavernia, E.J.: High grain size stability of nanocrystalline Al prepared by mechanical attrition. J Mater Res 16, 3451–3458 (2011). doi:10.1557/JMR.2001.0474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Lee, M., Endoh, S., Iwata, H.: A basic study on the solid-state nitriding of aluminum by mechanical alloying using a planetary ball mill. Adv Powder Technol 8, 291–299 (1997). doi:10.1016/S0921-8831(08)60602-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Il, Moon K., Lee, K.S.: Development of nanocrystalline Al–Ti alloy powders by reactive ball milling. J Alloys Compd 264, 258–266 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(97)00262-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Asgharzadeh, H., Simchi, A., Kim, H.S.: In situ synthesis of nanocrystalline Al6063 matrix nanocomposite powder via reactive mechanical alloying. Mater Sci Eng A 527, 4897–4905 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Naranjo, M.: Sintering of Al/AlN composite powder obtained by gas–solid reaction milling. Scr Mater 49, 65–69 (2003). doi:10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00179-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Manoj, G., Wong Wai Leong, E.: Microwaves and Metals. Wiley, Hoboken (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Tun, K.S., Gupta, M.: Improving mechanical properties of magnesium using nano-yttria reinforcement and microwave assisted powder metallurgy method. Compos Sci Technol 67, 2657–2664 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Gupta, M., Wong, W.L.E.: Enhancing overall mechanical performance of metallic materials using two-directional microwave assisted rapid sintering. Scr Mater 52, 479–483 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.11.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Fan, Z.: Semisolid metal processing. Int Mater Rev 47, 49–86 (2002). doi:10.1179/095066001225001076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Mehrabian, R., Flemings, M.: Die castings of partially solidified alloys. Trans AFS 80, 173–182 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Flemings, M.C., Riek, R.G., Young, K.P.: Rheocasting. Mater Sci Eng 25, 103–117 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Kenney, M., Courtois, J., Evans, R., et al.: Semisolid metal casting and forging. Met. Handb. 327–338. (9th ed. ASM International, Metals Park OH) (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Dobatkin, V., Eskin, G.: Ingots of aluminum alloys with nondendritic structure produced by ultrasonic treatment for deformation in the semi-solid state. In: international conference on semi-solid processing alloys composition, Sheffield, pp 193–196 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Liu, C., Pan, Y., Aoyama, S.: In: Bashin, A., More, J., Young, K., Midson, S. (eds.) Proceedings of 5th international conference on semi-solid processing alloys composition, pp 439–447 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Tzimas, E., Zavaliangos, A.: A comparative characterization of near-equiaxed microstructures as produced by spray casting, magnetohydrodynamic casting and the stress induced, melt activated process. Mater Sci Eng A 289, 217–227 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00907-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Tauzig, G., Xia, K.: In: Bashin, A., More, J., Young, K., Midson, S. (eds.) 5th international conference on semi-solid processing alloys composition, Golden, pp. 473–480 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Wang, H., StJohn, D., Davidson, C.: Proceedings of Turin Italy Spt, Brescia, Edimet. In: Chiarmetta, G., Rosso, M. (eds.) Proceedings of 6th international conference on semi-solid processing alloys composition, Turin, pp. 149–154 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kiuchi, M., Kopp, R.: Mushy/semi-solid metal forming technology—present and future. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 51, 653–670 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Oh, S.I., Lim, J.Y., Kim, Y.C., et al.: Fabrication of carbon nanofiber reinforced aluminum alloy nanocomposites by a liquid process. J Alloys Compd 542, 111–117 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. So, K.P., Jeong, J.C., Park, J.G., et al.: SiC formation on carbon nanotube surface for improving wettability with aluminum. Compos Sci Technol 74, 6–13 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.09.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Mitsuru, Yasunori, Tatsuo, et al. Method and apparatus for shaping semisolid metals. Patent EP 0745694 A1 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kaufmann, H., Uggowitzer, P.J.: Fundamentals of the new rheocasting process for magnesium alloys. Adv Eng Mater 3, 963 (2001). doi:10.1002/1527-2648(200112)3:12<963:AID-ADEM963>3.0.CO;2-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Hong, C.P., Kim, J.M.: Development of an advanced rheocasting process and its application. In: 9th international conference on semi-solid processing alloys composition, Busan, pp. 44–53 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Zaffaina, L., Alain, R., Bonollo, F., Fan, Z.: New challenges and directions for high pressure die-cast magnesium. Mater Sci Eng A 472, 251–257 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Fan, Z.: Development of the rheo-diecasting process for magnesium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 413–414, 72–78 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Jorstad, J., Apelian, D.: Pressure assisted processes for high integrity aluminium castings—part 2. Foundry Trade. J. 282–287 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Espinosa, I., Menargues, S., Baile, M.T., et al.: SLC components as an alternative to extruded alloys for marine applications. Int J Mater Form Suppl 1, 993–996 (2008). doi:10.1007/s12289-008-0225-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Yurko, J.A., Martinez, R.A., Flemings, M.C.: Development of the semi-solid rheocasting (SSR) process 2002. In: 7th international conference on semi-solid processing alloys composition, Tsukuba, pp. 659–664 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Granath, O., Wessén, M., Cao, H.: Determining effect of slurry process parameters on semisolid A356 alloy microstructures produced by RheoMetal process. Int J Cast Met Res 21, 349–356 (2008). doi:10.1179/136404608X320706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Cao, H., Wessén, M., Granath, O.: Effect of injection velocity on porosity formation in rheocast Al component using RheoMetal process. Int J Cast Met Res 23, 158–163 (2010). doi:10.1179/136404609X12565676328682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Rosso, M.: Thixocasting and rheocasting technologies, improvements going on. J Achiev Mater Manuf Eng 54, 110–119 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Sajjadi, S.A., Torabi Parizi, M., Ezatpour, H.R., Sedghi, A.: Fabrication of A356 composite reinforced with micro and nano Al2O3 particles by a developed compocasting method and study of its properties. J Alloys Compd 511, 226–231 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.08.105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Kamali Ardakani, M.R., Khorsand, S., Amirkhanlou, S., Javad Nayyeri, M.: Application of compocasting and cross accumulative roll bonding processes for manufacturing high-strength, highly uniform and ultra-fine structured Al/SiCp nanocomposite. Mater Sci Eng A 592, 121–127 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.11.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Abbasipour, B., Niroumand, B., Monir Vaghefi, S.M.: Compocasting of A356-CNT composite. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 20, 1561–1566 (2010). doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60339-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Naher, S., Brabazon, D., Looney, L.: Development and assessment of a new quick quench stir caster design for the production of metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 166, 430–439 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.09.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Kawabe, A., Oshida, A., Toda, T., Hiroyuki, Kobayashi: Fabrication process of metal matrix composite with nano-size SiC particle produced by vortex method. J Japan Inst Light Met 49, 149–154 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Abbasipour, B., Niroumand, B., Monir Vaghefi, S.M.: Compocasting of A356-CNT composite. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 20, 1561–1566 (2010). doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60339-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. El-Mahallawi, I., Abdelkader, H., Yousef, L., et al.: Influence of Al2O3 nano-dispersions on microstructure features and mechanical properties of cast and T6 heat-treated Al Si hypoeutectic alloys. Mat Sci Eng A 556, 76–87 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Chen, L.Y., Peng, J.Y., Xu, J.Q., et al.: Achieving uniform distribution and dispersion of a high percentage of nanoparticles in metal matrix nanocomposites by solidification processing. Scr Mater 69, 634–637 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.07.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Shen, M.J., Wang, X.J., Li, C.D., et al.: Effect of bimodal size SiC particulates on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium matrix composites. Mater Des 52, 1011–1017 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Deng, K., Wang, C., Wang, X., et al.: Microstructure and elevated tensile properties of submicron SiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite. Mater Des 38, 110–114 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Deng, K.K., Wu, K., Wu, Y.W., et al.: Effect of submicron size SiC particulates on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium matrix composites. J Alloys Compd 504, 542–547 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.05.159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Deng, K.K., Wang, X.J., Wu, Y.W., et al.: Effect of particle size on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composite. Mater Sci Eng A 543, 158–163 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.02.064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Nie, K.B., Wang, X.J., Wu, K., et al.: Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium matrix nanocomposites fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration. J Alloys Compd 509, 8664–8669 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.06.091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Nie, K.B., Wang, X.J., Xu, L., et al.: Effect of hot extrusion on microstructures and mechanical properties of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium matrix composite. J Alloys Compd 512, 355–360 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.09.099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Nie, K.B., Wang, X.J., Xu, L., et al.: Influence of extrusion temperature and process parameter on microstructures and tensile properties of a particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposite. Mater Des 36, 199–205 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Sajjadi, S.A., Ezatpour, H.R., Torabi Parizi, M.: Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy/Al2O3 composites fabricated by stir and compo-casting processes. Mater Des 34, 106–111 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Mazahery, A., Shabani, M.: Mechanical properties of A356 matrix composites reinforced with nano SiC particles. Strength Mater 44, 686–692 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Tahamtan, S., Halvaee, A., Emamy, M., Zabihi, M.S.: Fabrication of Al/A206–Al2O3 nano/micro composite by combining ball milling and stir casting technology. Mater Des 49, 347–359 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. Sankaranarayanan, S., Jayalakshmi, S., Gupta, M.: Effect of ball milling the hybrid reinforcements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–(Ti + n-Al2O3) composites. J Alloys Compd 509, 7229–7237 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.04.083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Sankaranarayanan, S., Sabat, R.K., Jayalakshmi, S., et al.: Effect of hybridizing micron-sized Ti with nano-sized SiC on the microstructural evolution and mechanical response of Mg–5.6 Ti composite. J Alloys Compd 575, 207–217 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.04.095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Sun, K., Shi, Q.Y., Sun, Y.J., Chen, G.Q.: Microstructure and mechanical property of nano-SiCp reinforced high strength Mg bulk composites produced by friction stir processing. Mater Sci Eng A 547, 32–37 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2012.03.071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Liu, Q., Ke, L., Liu, F., et al.: Microstructure and mechanical property of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing. Mater Des 45, 343–348 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Shafiei-Zarghani, A., Kashani-Bozorg, S.F., Zarei-Hanzaki, A.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3 surface nano-composite layer produced by friction stir processing. Mater Sci Eng A 500, 84–91 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.09.064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. Morisada, Y., Fujii, H., Nagaoka, T., et al.: Fullerene/A5083 composites fabricated by material flow during friction stir processing. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 38, 2097–2101 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.07.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. Lee, C., Huang, J., Hsieh, P.: Mg based nano-composites fabricated by friction stir processing. Scr Mater 54, 1415–1420 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Faraji, G., Asadi, P.: Characterization of AZ91/alumina nanocomposite produced by FSP. Mater Sci Eng A 528, 2431–2440 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.11.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Alizadeh, M., Paydar, M.H.: Study on the effect of presence of TiH2 particles on the roll bonding behavior of aluminum alloy strips. Mater Des 30, 82–86 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. Alizadeh, M., Paydar, M.H., Sharifian Jazi, F.: Structural evaluation and mechanical properties of nanostructured Al/B4C composite fabricated by ARB process. Compos Part B Eng 44, 339–343 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Saito, Y., Utsunomiya, H., Tsuji, N., Sakai, T.: Novel ultra-high straining process for bulk materials—development of the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process. Acta Mater. 47 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  125. Jamaati, R., Toroghinejad, M.R., Dutkiewicz, J., Szpunar, J.A.: Investigation of nanostructured Al/Al2O3 composite produced by accumulative roll bonding process. Mater Des 35, 37–42 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. Darmiani, E., Danaee, I., Golozar, M.A., Toroghinejad, M.R.: Corrosion investigation of Al–SiC nano-composite fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. J Alloys Compd 552, 31–39 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. Ortiz-Cuellar, E., Hernandez-Rodriguez, M.A.L., García-Sanchez, E.: Evaluation of the tribological properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy processed by severe plastic deformation. Wear 271, 1828–1832 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Jamaati, R., Toroghinejad, M.R.: Manufacturing of high-strength aluminum/alumina composite by accumulative roll bonding. Mater Sci Eng A 527, 4146–4151 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Mozaffari, A., Danesh Manesh, H., Janghorban, K.: Evaluation of mechanical properties and structure of multilayered Al/Ni composites produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. J Alloys Compd 489, 103–109 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.09.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Rezayat, M., Akbarzadeh, A.: Bonding behavior of Al–Al2O3 laminations during roll bonding process. Mater Des 36, 874–879 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Alizadeh, M., Beni, H.A., Ghaffari, M., Amini, R.: Properties of high specific strength Al–4wt% Al2O3/B4C nano-composite produced by accumulative roll bonding process. Mater Des 50, 427–432 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Kadkhodaee, M., Babaiee, M., Danesh Manesh, H., et al.: Evaluation of corrosion properties of Al/nanosilica nanocomposite sheets produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. J Alloys Compd 576, 66–71 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.04.090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Shayan, M., Niroumand, B.: Synthesis of A356–MWCNT nanocomposites through a novel two stage casting process. Mater Sci Eng A 582, 262–269 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2013.05.090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Jayalakshmi, S.: PhD Thesis, processing and characterization of magnesium alloys (AM100 & ZC63) and their alumina short fiber reinforced composites using squeeze casting and squeeze infiltration techniques. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Lorella Ceschini

  2. School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden

    Arne Dahle

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Manoj Gupta

  4. School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden

    Anders Eric Wollmar Jarfors

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology (BIT), Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Jayalakshmi

  6. Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Mechanics and Materials (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Alessandro Morri

  7. Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research-Advanced Mechanics and Materials (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Fabio Rotundo

  8. Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Stefania Toschi

  9. Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology (BIT), Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India

    R. Arvind Singh

Authors
  1. Lorella Ceschini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arne Dahle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manoj Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anders Eric Wollmar Jarfors
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Jayalakshmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Alessandro Morri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Fabio Rotundo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Stefania Toschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. R. Arvind Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ceschini, L. et al. (2017). Ex Situ Production Routes for Metal Matrix Nanocomposites. In: Aluminum and Magnesium Metal Matrix Nanocomposites. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2681-2_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation