Abstract
Chemoprevention is a comparatively innovative field for research. Nowadays agents are progressively selected for further development depending on their mechanisms of action and not on the basis of their historical epidemiological observations but from preclinical and clinical testing results. New targets like Nrf2, NFκB, and STAT family members of transcription factors have been identified. Cyclin family of cell cycle regulators which include cyclin D1, D2, and D3 are also being targeted since they are unusually expressed in the state of preneoplasia. The strategy of short-term intermittent therapy to eliminate premalignancy (SITEP) (Wu and Lippman 2011) which is based on the hypothesis that discontinuous therapy may remove premalignant cells in the course of activating apoptosis selectively induced by synthetic lethal interactions is being studied. It is being tested in breast cancer chemoprevention depending upon the synthetic lethality between the mutated tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 and PARP1 which has resulted in effectiveness in mouse models of carcinogenesis (Fong et al. 2009).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adhami VM et al (2013) Human cancer chemoprevention, hurdles and challenges. Top. Curr. Chem 329:203–220.
Adhami VM, Bailey HH, Mukhtar H (2014) Cancer chemoprevention is not a failure. Carcinogenesis 359:2154–2155
Adhami VM, Siddiqui IA, Sarfaraz S et al (2009) Effective prostate cancer chemopreventive intervention with green tea polyphenols in the TRAMP model depends on the stage of the disease. Clin Cancer Res 15:1947–1953
Bailey HH, Kim K, Verma AK et al (2010) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 skin cancer prevention study of {alpha}-difluoromethylornithine in subjects with previous history of skin cancer. Cancer Prev. Res. Phila. 3:35–47
Baron RS et al (2006) A randomized trial of rofecoxib for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas. Gastroenterol 131:1674–1682
Bertagnolli MM, Eagle CJ, Zauber AG, APC Study Investigators et al (2006) Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N. Engl. J. Med 355:873–884
Brausi M, Rizzi F, Bettuzzi S (2008) Chemoprevention of human prostate cancer by green tea catechins, two years later. A follow-up update. Eur. Urol 54:472–473
Cohen PA (2012) Assessing supplement safety, the FDA’s controversial proposal. N Engl J Med. 366:389–391
Elmets CA, Viner JL, Pentland AP et al (2010) Chemoprevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer with celecoxib, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Natl Cancer Inst 102:1835–1844
Evans JM, Donnelly LA, Emslie-Smith AM et al (2005) Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. BMJ 330:1304–1305
Fisher B et al (1998) Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer, report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J. Natl Cancer Inst 90:1371–1388
Fong PC, Boss DS, Yap TA et al (2009) Inhibition of polyADP-ribose. polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. N Engl J Med. 361:123–134
Gupta S, Hastak K, Ahmad N et al (2001) Inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by oral infusion of green tea polyphenols. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98:10350–10355
Havrilesky LJ, Moorman PG, Lowery WJ et al (2013) Oral contraceptive pills as primary prevention for ovarian cancer, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet. Gynecol 122:139–147
Hong WK, Lippman SM, Itri LM et al (1990) Prevention of second primary tumors with isotretinoin in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N. Engl. J. Med 323:795–801
Kim SE (2014) The benefit-risk consideration in long-term use of alternate- day, low dose aspirin, focus on colorectal cancer prevention. Ann. Gastroenterol 27:87–88
Meyskens FL Jr, McLaren CE, Pelot D et al (2008) Difluoromethylornithine plus sulindac for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas, a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Cancer Prev Res. 1:32–38
Mukhtar H (2012) Chemoprevention, making it a success story for controlling human cancer. Cancer Lett 326:123–127
Noto H, Goto A, Tsujimoto T et al (2012) Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin, a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 7:e33411
Paavonen J, Naud P, Salmerón J et al (2009) Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women. Lancet. 374:301–314
Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin CE et al (2010) Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet 376(9754):1741–1750
Steward WP, Brown K (2013) Cancer chemoprevention, a rapidly evolving field. Br. J. Cancer 109:1–7
Wang LS, Burke CA, Hasson H et al (2014) A phase Ib study of the effects of black raspberries on rectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 7:666–674
Wu X, Lippman SM (2011) An intermittent approach for cancer chemoprevention. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:879–885
Zu K, Mucci L, Rosner BA et al (2014) Dietary lycopene, angiogenesis, and prostate cancer, a prospective study in the prostate-specific antigen era. J. Natl Cancer Inst 106:djt430
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rashid, S. (2017). Future of Chemoprevention. In: Cancer and Chemoprevention: An Overview. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2579-2_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2579-2_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2578-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-2579-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)