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The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 in Embryonic Neural Crest Cells and Their Derivatives

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Proteases in Physiology and Pathology

Abstract

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are transient cell populations that are initially residing at the dorsal-most part of the neural tube of the developing vertebrate embryo. At well-defined time points, NCCs detach from the neural tube as they undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrate in distinct pathways to their final destinations. There, this unique cell population differentiates into a great variety of cell types including bone and cartilage tissues of the head and face, connective tissue of the heart, skin melanocytes, adipocytes, enteric neurons, and most of the peripheral sensory neurons, glia, and Schwann cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of matrix-degrading enzymes, which are divided into several subfamilies according to their structure and substrate specificity. The gelatinases subfamily, which includes MMP-2 and MMP-9 solely, is the most investigated group. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were previously reported to be expressed in embryonic NCCs and to have a role in their EMT and migration processes. In this review we present the most recent data regarding the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in embryonic NCCs and in their various derivatives in later embryonic stages and in adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel

    Rotem Kalev-Altman & Dalit Sela-Donenfeld

  2. The Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel

    Rotem Kalev-Altman & Efrat Monsonego-Ornan

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  1. Rotem Kalev-Altman
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  2. Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
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  3. Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
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Correspondence to Efrat Monsonego-Ornan or Dalit Sela-Donenfeld .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Naranjan S. Dhalla

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Kalev-Altman, R., Monsonego-Ornan, E., Sela-Donenfeld, D. (2017). The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 in Embryonic Neural Crest Cells and Their Derivatives. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N. (eds) Proteases in Physiology and Pathology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2513-6_2

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