Abstract
China is among the countries that first invented and used ironware, but its first steel plant, in the modern sense, had not been established until 1890 in Hanyang. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, its pigiron output and steel output stood respectively at only 250,000 and 158,000 tons. The annual steel output ranked 26th in the world, and the per capita steel output was only 300 g. Except the iron and steel products for daily use and simple instruments of labour, iron and steel had not been applied for industrial purposes.
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Notes
- 1.
China set its goal for industrial development in 1957, striving to catch up with Britain in the output of major industrial goods within 15 years and the United States within 50 years. Later, the timeframe was shortened to seven years. In order to fulfill the goal, the country initiated a mass steelmaking campaign in 1958. Chinese people melted any steel objects they could get their hands on, including pots and pans. With no access to advanced technologies, they adopted primitive methods for steelmaking and many of their steel products were of inferior quality. Finally, they had to give up and terminate the campaign.
- 2.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Instructions and Opinions on Energy Conservation and Emission in the Steel Industry.
- 3.
National Development and Reform Commission, 2012 Annual Report on the Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in China, April 8, 2013.
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Qi, J., Zhao, J., Li, W., Peng, X., Wu, B., Wang, H. (2016). China’s Steel Industry Transformed by Circular Economy. In: Development of Circular Economy in China. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2466-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2466-5_4
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