Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Lymphatic Filariasis

Abstract

The blood counts are usually raised, especially the eosinophils. Their count may be as high as 80 % (Chambers 1994). In chyluria patients, hypoproteinemia and lymphocytopenia may be found and the albumin–globulin ratio is reversed (Tanagho and Kane 2013).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amaral F, Dreyer G, Figueredo-Silva J, et al. Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;50(6):753.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett T, Choyke PL, Kabayashi H. Imaging of the lymphatic system: new horizons. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2006;1:230–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers III HF. Fever and infections in travelers. In: Stein JH, Sande MA, editors. Internal medicine. 4th ed. Mosby: St. Louis; 1994. p. p. 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandy A, Thakur AS, Singh MP, Manigauha A. A review of neglected tropical diseases: filariasis. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011;4:581–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalela D. Issues in etiology and diagnosis making of chyluria. Indian J Urol. 2005;21:18–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunyo SK, Nkrumah FK, Simonsen PE. A study on the provocative day test effect of ivermectin and albendazoleon nocturnal periodic Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:608–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dreyer G, et al. Studies on the periodicity and intravascular distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in paired samples of capillary and venous blood from Recife, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health. 1996;1:264–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ebenezer A, Amadi EC, Agi PI. Studies on the microfilaria, antigenermia and clinical signs of bancroftian filariasis in Epie creek communities, Niger delta. Nigeria Inter Res J Microbiol. 2011;2(9):370–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer P, Broakye D, Hamberger J. Polymerase chain reaction-based detection of lymphatic filariasis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2003;192:3–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail MM, Andrew K, Junaidi D, et al. Field validation of sensitivity and specificity of rapid test for detection of Brugia malayi infection. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:99–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kar H, Singh G, Urhekar AD, et al. Microfilariae in pus sample of an ulcer over elephantiasis leg: an unusual case presentation. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2013;2(7):147–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurniawan A, Yazdanbakhsh M, Van-Ree R, et al. Differential expression of IgE and IgG4 specific antibody responses in asymptomatic and chronic human filariasis. J Immunol. 1993;150:3941–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahiri VL. Microfilariae in nipple secretion. Acta Cytol. 1975;19:154–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu NF, Lu Q, Jaing JH, et al. Anatomic and functional evaluation of the lymphatics and lymph nodes in diagnosis of lymphatic circulation disorders with contrast magnetic resonance lymphangiography. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49:980–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mand S, Debrah A, Batsa L, et al. Reliable and frequent detection of adult Wuchereria bancrofti in Ghanaian women by ultrasonography. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9:1111–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mand S, Supali T, Djuardi J, et al. Detection of adult Brugia malayi filaria by ultrasonography in humans in India and Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health. 2006;11:1375–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon JE, Marshall TFC, Vaughan JP, et al. Bancroftian filariasis: a comparison of microfilaria counting techniques using counting chamber, standard slide and membrane (nucleopore) filtration. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1979a;73:457–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahon JE, Marshall TFC, Vaughan JP, et al. Tanzania filariasis project: a provocative day test with diethylcarbamazine for the detection of microfilariae of nocturnally periodic Wuchereria bancrofti in the blood. Bull World Health Organ. 1979b;57:759–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pani S. Pani’s filariasis. 3rd ed. Jaypee Brothers: New Delhi; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pipinos II, Baxter BT. The lymphatics. In: Townsend Jr CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, editors. Sabiston textbook of surgery, vol. II. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1819.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schuetz A, Addiss DG, Eberhard ML, Lammie PJ. Evaluation of the whole blood filariasis ICT test for short-term monitoring after antifilarial treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62(4):502–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen PE, Dunyo SK. Comparative evaluation of three new tools for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis based on detection of specific circulating antigens. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:278–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen PE, Meyrowitsch DW, Jaoko WG, et al. Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66(5):550–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen PE. Filariases. In: Cook GC, Zumla AI, editors. Manson’s tropical diseases. 22nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p. p. 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneller V, Weinstein PP. In vitro development of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae: selection of culture media and serum levels. Int J Parasitol. 1982;12:233–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanyam P, Palaniswamy SS. Images in clinical tropical medicine. Lymphoscintigrapy in unilateral lower limb and scrotal lymphedema caused by filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(6):963–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sriram Bhat M. SRB’s manual of surgery. 4th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2013. p. 271.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Szuba A, Shin WS, Strauss HW, et al. The third circulation: radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphedema. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:43–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanagho EA, Kane CJ. Specific infections of the genitourinary tract. In: McAninch JW, Lue TF, editors. Smith & Tanagho’s general urology. 18th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Medical; 2013. p. 234–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther M, Muller R. Diagnosis of human filariasis (except onchocerciasis). Adv Parasitol. 2003;53:149–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weerasooriya MV, Itoh M, Islam MZ, et al. Prevalence and levels of filaria-specific urinary IgG4 among children less than five years of age and the association of antibody positivity between children and their mothers. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;68:465–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weil GJ, Lammie PJ, Weiss N. The ICT filariasis test: a rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Parasitol Today. 1997;13:401–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weissleder H, Weissleder R. Interstitial lymphangiography: initial clinical experience with a dimeric nonionic contrast agent. Radiology. 1989;170:371–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams SA, Laney SJ, Bierwert LA, et al. Development and standardization of rapid PCR based method for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes for xenomonitoring the human prevalence of bancroftian filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2002;96:541–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

    Trilok Chandra Goel

  2. Department of Urology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

    Apul Goel

Authors
  1. Trilok Chandra Goel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Apul Goel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goel, T.C., Goel, A. (2016). Investigations. In: Lymphatic Filariasis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2257-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2257-9_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2256-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-2257-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation