A Study on Geometrical Motifs with Special Reference to Old Havelis of Saharanpur

Abstract

Art and architecture demonstrate fascinating phenomenon, created in various geometrical forms and obtained in both architecture and craft. These geometrical forms have been traced from the prehistoric cave paintings and refined during the Islamic and the Mughal reigns. Old havelis of Saharanpur, over a period of time, display the glimpse of Islamic architecture with architecture treatment and structural ornamentation. The term havelis is generally used for private and huge mansion where people live together. In this context, the tremendous variety of geometrical motifs has been introduced in old havelis of Saharanpur which can be seen on the structural part of old havelis like doors, brackets, windows, and lattice screens in two-dimensional space with Islamic beliefs and skillful manner of artisans. In fact, variation is the most distinctive characteristic of the geometrical design which provides a high-level experience of aesthetics which balances simplicity and complexity that creates harmonious ambience in human life. These wide varieties of decorations demonstrate the glimpse of Indian art as well as the mysteries of Islamic art. Such geometrical designs generate spiritual and lyrical ambience and mesmerize the viewers through marvelous variety of patterns. This paper attempts to examine the geometrical ornamentation in old havelis of Saharanpur with special reference to the symbolic value of geometry in human life. Additionally, it briefly investigates and identifies the rationale behind the application of design principles in the intricate geometrical patterns. It also elaborates how these patterns enhance the beauty and attraction of old havelis of Saharanpur.

Glossary

Chhatta 

Chhatta is covered with a wooden overbridge that links two havelis of the same owner situated across the street without hindering the path below.

Geometrical Motifs 

Patterns composed of geometrical elements: square, rectangle, and stars with straight or curved lines.

Haveli 

A huge mansion.

Jagir

 Governor or ruler.

Lyrical Ambience

 Melodious atmosphere.

Ornamental Texicon

 Motifs, patterns, and symbols.

Tantric Art

 Tantric art is associated with meditation as yantra form.

Ustad

 Master craftsmen.

Vastu-Mandala

 Vastu-Mandala is a symbolic geometric diagram used in architecture.

Yantra

 Yantra is a symbolic representation of deities as geometrical forms.