Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

China’s Foreign Aid pp 171–245Cite as

China’s Aid to Southeast Asian Countries from the 1950s to the End of the 1970s

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 886 Accesses

Abstract

China and Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries are close neighbors, separated only by the sea or the mountains. Geographically adjacent to these countries, China has far-reaching contacts with them. Since modern times, these countries have suffered from colonial invasion and oppression, they have shared common interests of fighting against imperialism and colonialism and they have the same goals of winning national liberation and independence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The Communist Party of Vietnam was established in 1930, and it was renamed the Indochinese Communist Party in the same year. In 1951, it was renamed the Workers’ Party of Vietnam; in 1976, it was renamed the Communist Party of Vietnam.

  2. 2.

    “Foreign Economic and Trade Relations of Vietnam” by the First Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Trade in April 1960 [Resources of Premier Zhou Enlai’s Visit to Vietnam (VII)], open archives 203-00147-07 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  3. 3.

    Members included: Vice Premier Chen Yun and Deng Xiaoping, the Director of the State Construction Committee Bo Yibo, the Minister of Foreign Trade Ye Jizhuang, the Minister of Railways Ten Daiyuan, the Minister of Higher Education Yang Xiufeng, the Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Wentian and Wang Jiaxiang.

  4. 4.

    “Communiqué between the People’s Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam”, People’s Daily, page 1, July 9, 1955; open archives 203-00147-07 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  5. 5.

    “Protocol of the People’s Bank of China and the State Bank of Vietnam on the Handling of China’s Assistance to Vietnam’s Settlement”, open archives 106-00100-05 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  6. 6.

    Compilation Committee of World Knowledge Yearbook (1958: 80–81); People’s Daily, page 1, August 9, 1959.

  7. 7.

    “Brief Report of China’s Aid to Vietnam” (February 20, 1959), open archives 106-00456-01 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  8. 8.

    Namely, the year 1939. After that, Vietnam had experienced 15 years of war due to the Japanese and the French invasion.

  9. 9.

    “Nhân Dân”, chief editor Huang Song, “North Vietnam has successfully ended the economic recovery period”, People’s Daily, page 6, April 17, 1958; “Achievements of the three years of industrial recovery and construction in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam”, People’s Daily, page 5, July 8, 1958.

  10. 10.

    “Protocol on China’s aid to Vietnam and annexes in 1958”, open archives 106-00380-04 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  11. 11.

    “Report regarding the instructions for the protocol of the signing of the assistance to 18 industrial enterprises in Vietnam and the annexes”, open archives 106-00380-02 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  12. 12.

    “Report regarding the instructions for the protocol of the signing of the assistance to 18 industrial enterprises in Vietnam and the annexes”, open archives 106-00380-02 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Chronicle of Chen Yun (Volume 2) by CCCPC Party Literature Research Office, the Central Party Literature Press, 2000, p. 315.

  13. 13.

    People's Daily, page 1, February 19, 1959.

  14. 14.

    “The Situation of Vietnam’s Foreign Economic and Trade Relations” [Resources of Premier Zhou Enlai’s Visit to Vietnam (VII)], open archives 203-00147-07 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Shi Lin, 1989: 145; People’s Daily, page 4, March 29, 1960.

  15. 15.

    “The Situation of Vietnam’s Foreign Economic and Trade Relations” [Resources of Premier Zhou Enlai’s Visit to Vietnam (VII)], open archives 203-00147-07 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  16. 16.

    Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China 1981: 242–246; People’s Daily, page 1, February 1, 1961.

  17. 17.

    People’s Daily, page 4, March 20, 1962; People’s Daily, page 3, December 21, 1963.

  18. 18.

    People’s Daily, page 5, February 1, 1961.

  19. 19.

    According to statistics, in the years 1950–1975, the various types of aid provided by China to Vietnam totaled 20.36845 billion RMB. In the years 1971–1973, the aid accounted for 44% of the total amount of aid.

  20. 20.

    People's Daily, page 4, May 17, 1955.

  21. 21.

    People’s Daily, page 1, February 19, 1956.

  22. 22.

    People’s Daily, page 1, November 28, 1956.

  23. 23.

    “The Situation of China’s trade and economic assistance to Cambodia and existing problems,” open archives 203-00141-02 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  24. 24.

    “The Situation of China’s economic and technical assistance to Cambodia” (April 16, 1966), open archives 203-00540-01 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  25. 25.

    “The work of China’s foreign economic and technical assistance over the years” (speech delivered by Comrade Li Qiang at the Fourth National Conference on Foreign Affairs, July 1, 1960), open archives 102-00015-01 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  26. 26.

    People’s Daily, page 1, August 25, 1958.

  27. 27.

    “Brief introduction to China’s economic and technical assistance to Cambodia”, open archives 106-01122-01 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  28. 28.

    “The Situation of China’s economic and technical assistance to Cambodia” (April 16, 1966), open archives 203-00540-01 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  29. 29.

    People's Daily, page 1, May 21, 1970.

  30. 30.

    People's Daily, page 1, August 26, 1956.

  31. 31.

    “Book on Sisavang Vatthana’s Visit to China: References”, open archives 204-00923-02 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  32. 32.

    People’s Daily, page 1, December 5, 1962; " Book on Sisavang Vatthana’s Visit to China: References", open archives 204-00923-02 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  33. 33.

    People's Daily, page 1, July 19, 1956; Qian 1984: 564; “Brief situation of Myanmar’s Foreign Trade, trade relations between China and Myanmar, and China’s economic and technical assistance to Myanmar”, open archives 203-00515-05 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  34. 34.

    “Brief situation of Foreign Trade of Myanmar, trade relations between China and Myanmar, and China’s economic and technical assistance to Myanmar”, open archives 203-00515-05 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  35. 35.

    People's Daily, page 4, October 9, 1971; page 4, November 20, 1971.

  36. 36.

    “References for the reception of the Deputy Chief Minister and Foreign Minister of Indonesia, Subandrio”, open archives 105-01094-02 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  37. 37.

    “The Situation of China’s economic and technical assistance to Indonesia”, open archives 105-01676-03 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  38. 38.

    People's Daily, page 1, April 19, 1966.

  39. 39.

    “The work of China’s foreign economic and technical assistance over the years” (speech delivered by Comrade Li Qiang at the Fourth National Conference on Foreign Affairs, July 1, 1960), open archives 102-00015-01 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

  40. 40.

    People’s Daily, page 1, May 17, 1955.

  41. 41.

    People’s Daily, page 4, June 8, 1965.

References

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (1996) Chronicle of Liu Shaoqi (1898–1969). Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (1997) Chronicle of Zhou Enlai (1949–1976), vol I. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (1998) Selected important documents since the founding of new China, vol XX. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (2005a) The central archives, manuscripts of Liu Shaoqi since the founding of New China, vol I. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (2005b) The central archives, manuscripts of Liu Shaoqi since the founding of New China, vol II. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (2005c) The central archives, manuscripts of Liu Shaoqi since the founding of new China, vol III. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (2008) The central archives, manuscripts of Liu Shaoqi since the founding of new China, vol V. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • CCCPC Party Literature Research Office (2010) The academy of Military science of PLA military manuscripts of Mao Zedong since the Founding of New China, Vol. II. Military Science Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorography Compilation Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (1995) Guangxi annals—record on education. Guangxi People’s Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorography Compilation Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (1998) Guangxi annals—record on foreign affairs. Guangxi People’s Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Compilation Committee of Contemporary Yunnan (2004) History of Contemporary Yunnan, vol I. Contemporary China Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Compilation Committee of World Knowledge Yearbook (1958) World Knowledge Yearbook 1958. World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Compilation team of Biography of Fang Yi (2008) Biography of Fang Yi. People’s Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo M (1992) Four-decade evolution of Sino-Vietnamese relations. Guangxi People’s Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Han H, Tan J (1989) Military Work of Contemporary Chinese Army, vol I. China Social Sciences Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • History Writing Group of China’s Military Advisory Group (1990) History of Chinese Military Advisory Group’s Aid in Vietnam War against France. PLA Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of Contemporary China (2009) Annals of the history of People’s Republic of China (1955). Contemporary China Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin H (1996) Foreign economic and technical assistance of contemporary China Railway. China Railway Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Li H (organization) (2005) Oral account of Shi Zhe: eyewitness record of Sino-Soviet relations. Contemporary China Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo G (1988) “Comrade Shaoqi sent me to Vietnam as envoy”, from editorial group of in Memoriam of Liu Shaoqi. In Memoriam of Liu Shaoqi, Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo G (1993) “Shining example of proletarian internationalism—memory on Mao Zedong and the aid on Vietnam War against France”, from editorial group of In Memoriam of Mao Zedong, CCCPC Party Literature Research Office, In Memoriam of Mao Zedong, vol I. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1958) Collection of the treaties of the People’s Republic of China, Episode 5. Law Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1962) Collection of the treaties of the People’s Republic of China, Episode 10. Law Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1981) Collection of the treaties of the People’s Republic of China, Episode 21. Law Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1982a) Collection of the treaties of the People’s Republic of China, Episode 22. World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1982b) Collection of the treaties of the People’s Republic of China, Episode 23. World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1990) CCCPC Party Literature Research Office: Anthology of Diplomatic Activities of Zhou Enlai. World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1994) CCCPC Party Literature Research Office, Selected Works of Mao Zedong on Diplomacy, Central Party Literature Press, World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (1963) Collection of the treaties of the People’s Republic of China, Episode 11. Law Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian Z (1984) Textile industry of Contemporary China. China Social Sciences Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Research Center of the Textile Industry (1980) Three decades of the textile industry in New China, vol I. Textile Industry Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Research Office of Chinese Embassy in Vietnam: “Statistics of the aid of socialist countries to Vietnam from 1955 to 1961” (February 20, 1962), open archives 106-00941-03 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi L (1989) Foreign economic cooperation of modern China. China Social Sciences Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang N (1989) Civil aviation industry of modern China. China Social Sciences Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z (1991) Road traffic of modern China. Contemporary China Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang T (1998) History of diplomacy of the People’s Republic of China (1957–1969), vol II. World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang T (1999) History of diplomacy of the People’s Republic of China (1970–1978), vol. III. World Knowledge Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu H, Yang J (1991) Science and technology cause of modern China. Contemporary China Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao Z, Li D (2004) Yunnan and support to Vietnam against the U.S. Central Party Literature Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu S, Li G, Zhang X (2009) Vietnam. Social Sciences Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang A (1994) People’s Liberation Army of China. Contemporary China Publishing House

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ., Beijing, China

    Zhang Mianli

Authors
  1. Zhang Mianli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Academic Division for Intl. Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Academic Division for Intl. Studies, Beijing, Beijing, China

    Hong Zhou

  2. Institutes of European Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institutes of European Studies, Beijing, China

    Hou Xiong

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Social Sciences Academic Press and Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mianli, Z. (2017). China’s Aid to Southeast Asian Countries from the 1950s to the End of the 1970s. In: Zhou, H., Xiong, H. (eds) China’s Foreign Aid. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2128-2_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation