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Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development from Mature Seed Embryo Explants of Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild

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Plant Tissue Culture: Propagation, Conservation and Crop Improvement

Abstract

Efficient plant production via indirect somatic embryogenesis was established by using mature seed-derived embryo explants of Bambusa arundinacea. The present investigation demonstrates an optimized method for somatic embryogenesis using various auxins and cytokinins. The seed-derived embryos as explants were cultured on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L each of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) to induce embryogenic callus, and the maximum percent of embryogenic callus induction obtained was (85 %) with compact and nodular structure. Proliferated embryogenic callus was transferred onto MS medium fortified with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/L) and α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 mg/L) in combination with different doses of BAP and/or kinetin (KIN) (0.5–4.0 mg/L) for somatic embryo formation and maturation. Somatic embryos developed were rapidly multiplied upon frequent subculture onto fresh medium to attain maturation. The highest percent of embryo maturation (94 %) as well as germination of somatic embryos (25.1 %) was noticed on MS medium containing the combination of 2,4-D+NAA+BAP (1.0 mg/L each). The matured embryos were germinated into full plantlets which were transferred into paper cups initially. The acclimatized plantlets were hardened successfully in the pots containing soil under greenhouse conditions where about 90 % of the plants were survived. Histological investigations confirmed the initiation of embryos during the somatic embryogenesis process. Therefore, indirect somatic embryogenesis is an alternate promising tool for high-frequency plant regeneration. In this investigation, a reliable plant regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis has been developed, and it could be more suitable for commercial scale micropropagation of Bambusa arundinacea plants in the near future.

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Abbreviations

2,4,D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BAP:

6-Benzyl amino purine

FAA:

Formalin acetic acid

KIN:

Kinetin/6-furfurylaminopurine

MS:

Murashige and skoog

NAA:

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

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Acknowledgments

Authors are gratefully acknowledged Periyar University for providing UGC-University Research fellowship (URF) to accomplish this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, TN, India

    P. Venkatachalam & K. Kalaiarasi

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  1. P. Venkatachalam
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  2. K. Kalaiarasi
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Correspondence to P. Venkatachalam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohammad Anis

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Naseem Ahmad

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Venkatachalam, P., Kalaiarasi, K. (2016). Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development from Mature Seed Embryo Explants of Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Wild. In: Anis, M., Ahmad, N. (eds) Plant Tissue Culture: Propagation, Conservation and Crop Improvement. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1917-3_22

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