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Selection of Elites and In Vitro Propagation of Selected High-Value Himalayan Medicinal Herbs for Sustainable Utilization and Conservation

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Plant Tissue Culture: Propagation, Conservation and Crop Improvement

Abstract

Reduction in the forest cover from the Indian Himalayan region (IHR), due to overexploitation, has resulted in decreased availability of non-timber forest products, including medicinal plants of high economic value. With the ever-increasing human population and growing demand for plants and plant-derived products, there has been tremendous anthropogenic pressure on these primary producers. Many plant species are a source of high-value drugs; due to increasing global demand for the ‘naturals’, they are being subjected to reckless, often illegal harvesting, well beyond the natural regeneration capacity. This has led to many species being listed in the Red Data Book or in various IUCN threat categories. Improper harvesting (season and/or age of the plant/plant parts) not only results in uneconomical yields due to low content of active ingredients but also adversely affects the process of natural regeneration. There is, therefore, an urgent need for commercially important species to be subjected to improved management practices and regulated harvesting to generate better economic benefits on one hand and to encourage cultivation for sustained utilization as well as economic development of the region on the other. This twin strategy would also help to improve the conservation status of such species.

In order to meet such challenges, in vitro propagation (tissue culture) techniques have provided a well-recognized potential for rapid multiplication of elite clones for the supply of much needed good-quality planting material for cultivation and also to achieve conservation objectives. Keeping these goals in mind, studies were taken up to assess the active ingredient content of plants/plant parts collected from natural populations growing in different locations/altitudes in the wild and to develop in vitro propagation methods for selected high-value alpine medicinal herbs (Aconitum balfourii, A. heterophyllum, Picrorhiza kurrooa and Podophyllum hexandrum). Using elite plant material, attempts have been made to establish tissue culture protocols that involved the induction of multiple shoots, improved rooting and subsequent development of suitable methods for hardening and field transfer. In a few cases, the survival and growth of tissue culture-raised (TCR) plants was also monitored to evaluate their field performance.

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Abbreviations

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IHR:

Indian Himalayan region

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

Kn:

Kinetin

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

PGS:

Plant growth substance

SR:

Seed raised

TCR:

Tissue culture raised

TDZ:

(Thidiazuron): 1-phenyl-3 (1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea

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Acknowledgements

The financial support was received from the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, New Delhi, in the form of projects (BT/PR/502/Agr/08/39/96 and BT/PR/3447/AGR/16/285/2002-VI), and fellowships to HP and BC are duly acknowledged. Director, GBPIHED is thanked for support and encouragement. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Govt. of India is thanked for providing facilities and Drs Anil Kumar and R.K. Agnihotri for helping in HPLC analyses and preparing the photoplates, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263643, Uttarakhand, India

    Shyamal K. Nandi, Lok Man S. Palni, Hemant Pandey, Bhuwan Chandra & Mohammad Nadeem

  2. Biotechnology Department, Graphic Era (Deemed) University, Clement Town, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India

    Lok Man S. Palni

  3. Agro Division, Merino Industries Ltd, Achheja, Hapur, Ghaziabad, 245101, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Hemant Pandey

  4. Near Anandi Academy, Bankhola, Mandalsera, Bageshwar, 263642, Uttarakhand, India

    Bhuwan Chandra

  5. Department of Botany & Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Nadeem

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  1. Shyamal K. Nandi
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  2. Lok Man S. Palni
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  3. Hemant Pandey
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  4. Bhuwan Chandra
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  5. Mohammad Nadeem
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Correspondence to Shyamal K. Nandi .

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  1. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohammad Anis

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Naseem Ahmad

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Nandi, S.K., Palni, L.M.S., Pandey, H., Chandra, B., Nadeem, M. (2016). Selection of Elites and In Vitro Propagation of Selected High-Value Himalayan Medicinal Herbs for Sustainable Utilization and Conservation. In: Anis, M., Ahmad, N. (eds) Plant Tissue Culture: Propagation, Conservation and Crop Improvement. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1917-3_2

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