Skip to main content

Segmentation Using Two-Step Cluster Analysis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Segmentation in Social Marketing

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to explain the rationale for employing TwoStep cluster analysis as a market segmentation method within social marketing. Here, the key stages to be performed and the validation techniques required for effective application of this clustering technique are outlined. To further support the application of this cluster analysis technique as a profiling tool, a review of 25 recent market segmentation studies that have utilised this method is provided. Finally, a case study is provided to demonstrate how TwoStep cluster analysis is employed to segment respondents for an active school travel social marketing campaign that was being developed in Queensland at time of writing. Based on a sample of 537 respondents, three segments were identified and validated, each of which differed significantly based on psychographic, behaviour, geographic and demographic variables. Limitations of the TwoStep Cluster Analysis method are also provided, and opportunities for future research employing TwoStep cluster analysis within a social marketing context conclude this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Atlantis, E., Martin, S. A., Haren, M. T., Taylor, A. W., & Witter, T. G. A. (2009). Inverse associations between muscle mass, strength, and the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental, 58, 1013–1022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baeza-Yates, R. A. (1992). Introduction to data structures and algorithms related to information retrieval. In W. B. Frakes & R. Baeza-Yates (Eds.), Information retrieval: data structures and algorithms. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamvita, J. M., Roy, E., Zang, G., Jutras-Aswad, D., Artenie, A. A., Levesque, A., et al. (2014). Portraying persons who inject drugs recently infected with hepatitis C accessing antiviral treatment: A cluster analysis. Hepatitis Research and Treatment, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerin, E., Leslie, E., Du Toit, L., Owen, N., & Frank, L. D. (2007). Destinations that matter: Associations with walking for transport. Health & Place, 13, 713–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, M. F., Chung, L., Y. F., Lee, A. S. C., Wong, W. K., Lee, G. S. C., Lau, C. Y., et al. (2006). Investigating spiritual care perceptions and practice patterns in Hong Kong nurses: Results of a cluster analysis. Nurse Education Today, 26, 139–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, M. F., Day, M. C., Suen, L. K. P., Tse, S. H. M., & Tong, T. F. (2005). Attitudes and skills of Hong Kong Chinese medicine practitioners towards computerization in practice: A cluster analysis. Medical Informatics and the Internet in Medicine, 30, 55–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H. L., & Yeh, T. H. (2007). Motorcyclist accident involvement by age, gender, and risky behaviors in Taipei, Taiwan. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10, 109–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, T., Fang, D. P., Chen, J., & Wang, Y. J. C. (2001). A robust and scalable clustering algorithm for mixed type attributes in large database environment. In 7th ACM SIGKDDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. San Francisco: ACM SIGKDDD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creton, M., Cune, M. S., De Putter, C., Ruijter, M., & Kuijpers-Jagtam, A. M. (2009). Dentofacial characteristics of patients with hypodontia. Clinical Oral Investigations, 14, 467–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, T., Rundle-Thiele, S., Leo, C., & Connor, J. P. (2015a). One size (Never) fits all: Segment differences observed following a school-based alcohol social marketing program. Journal of School Health, 85, 251–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, T., Rundle-Thiele, S., Schuster, L., Drennan, J., Russell-Bennett, R., Leo, C., et al. (2015b). Differential segmentation responses to an alcohol social marketing program. Addictive Behaviors, 49, 68–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolnicar, S., Grun, B., Leisch, F., & Schmidt, K. (2014). Required sample sizes for data-driven market segmentation analyses in tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 53, 296–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., Bohn, K., O’Connor, M. E., Doll, H. A., & Palmer, R. L. (2007). The severity and status of eating disorder NOS: Implications for DSM-V. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1705–1715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, K. A. S. L., Kimura, M., Teixeira, M. J., Mendoza, T. R., Da NÏŒBrega, J. C. M., Graziani, S. R., et al. (2008). Impact of cancer-related symptom synergisms on health-related quality of life and performance status. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 35, 604–616.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillman, S. G., Cloonan, N., Catts, V. S., Miller, L. C., Wong, J., McCrossin, T., et al. (2013). Increased inflammatory markers identified in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 18, 206–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fleury, M. J., Grenier, G., Bamvita, J. M., Perreault, M., & Caron, J. (2015). Typology of individuals with substance dependence based on a montreal longitudinal catchment area study. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 405–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaso, L., Matthiesen, S. B., Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (2007). Do targets of workplace bullying portray a general victim personality profile? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 48, 313–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, B., Sherman, K. A., Jones, M., & Bayl-Smith, P. (2014). The clustering of health behaviours in older Australians and its association with physical and psychological status, and sociodemographic indicators. Annals of Behavioral Science, 42, 205–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helm, D., & Eis, D. (2007). Subgrouping outpatients of an environmental medicine unit using SCL-90-R and cluster analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 210, 701–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honkanen, P. (2010). Food preference based segments in Russia. Food Quality and Preference, 21, 65–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, C. H. C., Kang, S. K., & LAM, T. (2006). Reference group influences among Chinese travelers. Journal of Travel Research, 44, 474–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu, W., Woods, T., & Bastin, S. (2009). Consumer Cluster analysis and demand for blueberry jam attributes. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 15, 420–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IBM. (2011). Two step Cluster analysis [Online]. IBM SPSS Statistics Information Center. http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/spssstat/v21r0m0/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.spss.statistics.help%2Fclusterviewer_clusters_panel.htm

  • Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. M. (2008). Principles of marketing. California, USA: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, R. C. (2013). Social marketing and social change. USA: Jossey-Bass.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Alonzo, V., Cheeran, B., Rio-Rodriguez, D., & Fernandez-Del-Olmo, M. (2014). Inter-individual variability in response to non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms. Brain Stimulation, 7, 372–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, M. J., & Korpela, K. (2009). Activity spaces and urban adolescent substance use and emotional health. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 925–939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mclernon, D. J., Powell, J. J., Jugdaohsingh, R., & Macdonald, H. M. (2012). Do lifestyle choices explain the effect of alcohol on bone mineral density in women around menopause? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95, 1261–1269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, D. A., & Marelich, W. D. (2008). Resiliency in young children whose mothers are living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 20, 284–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, M. B., & Knardahl, S. (2014). Coping strategies: A prospective study of patterns, stability, and relationships with psychological distress. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 55, 142–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norusis, M. J. (2007). SPSS 15.0 advanced statistical procedures companion. Chicago, IL: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norusis, M. J. (2011). IBM SPSS statistics 19 procedures companion. Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okazaki, S. (2007). Lessons learned from i-mode: What makes consumers click wireless banner ads? Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1692–1719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polymeros, K., Kaimakoudi, E., Schinaraki, M., & Batzios, C. (2015). Analysing consumers’ perceived differences in wild and farmed fish. British Food Journals, 117, 1007–1016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rompre, P. H., Daigle-Landry, D., Guitard, F., Montplaisir, J. Y., & Lavigne, G. J. (2007). Identification of a sleep bruxism subgroup with a higher risk of pain. Journal of Dental Research, 86, 837–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rundle-Thiele, S., Kubacki, K., Tkaczynski, A., & Parkison, J. (2015). Using two-step cluster analysis to identify homogeneous physical activity groups. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33, 522–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stranak, Z., Semberova, J., Barrington, K., O’Donnell, C., Marlow, N., Naulaers, G., et al. (2014). International survey on diagnosis and management of hypotension in extremely preterm babies. European Journal of Pediatrics, 173, 793–798.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tkaczynski, A., & Prebensen, N. K. (2012). French nature-based tourist potentials to Norway: Who are they? Tourism Analysis, 18, 181–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tkaczynski, A., Rundle-Thiele, S., & Beaumont, N. (2010). Destination segmentation: A recommended two-step approach. Journal of Travel Research, 49, 139–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tkaczynski, A., Rundle-Thiele, S. R., & Prebensen, N. K. (2015). Segmenting potential nature-based tourists based on temporal factors: The case of Norway. Journal of Travel Research, 54, 251–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulstein, I., Wyller, T. B., & Engedal, K. (2007). High score on the relative stress scale, a marker of possible psychiatric disorder in family carers of patients with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 195–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aaron Tkaczynski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tkaczynski, A. (2017). Segmentation Using Two-Step Cluster Analysis. In: Dietrich, T., Rundle-Thiele, S., Kubacki, K. (eds) Segmentation in Social Marketing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1835-0_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics