Skip to main content

‘Coming Out’ of the Comfort Zone: Challenging Heteronormativity Through Affirmative Counselling Practice with Lesbian and Gay Clients

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Ethical Issues in Counselling and Psychotherapy Practice

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the historically ambivalent relationship between mental health sciences and homosexuality. It briefly traces this history and then moves to discussing the need for an ethical and affirmative stance while working with lesbian and gay clients. The chapter discusses some of the common dilemmas of counsellors/mental health practitioners while working with their lesbian and gay clients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This chapter is based on learnings and insights from a study conducted by the authors titled, ‘Conceptualizing Gay Affirmative Counselling Practice in India supported by Saksham, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Round-7, Counselling Component as well as an e-manual written by the authors on Gay Affirmative Counselling in 2013, available at: http://www.academia.edu/22507988/Gay-Affirmative_Counselling_Practice_Resource_and_Training_Manual.

  2. 2.

    Also see Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation. Available at: www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/publications/.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington DC: APA.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd edition revised). Washington DC: APA.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2000). Guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. APA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L., & Walker, L. (1990) Feminist therapy perspectives on self disclosure. In G. Stricker & M. Fisher (Eds.), Self-disclosure in the therapeutic relationship. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, G. C. (2001). Conceptual and ethical issues in therapy for the psychological problems of gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals. Psychotherapy in Practice, 57(5), 695–704.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez, B., & Gomathy, N. B. (2003). The nature of violence faced by lesbian women in India. Mumbai: Research Centre on Violence Against Women, Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, S., Bandyopadhyay, B. S., & Biswas, R. (2011). Vio-map: Documenting and mapping violence and rights violation taking place in the lives of sexually marginalized women to chart out effective advocacy strategies. Kolkata: SAPPHO for Equality.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haldeman, D. C. (1994). The practice and ethics of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 221.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooker, E. (1957). The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Journal of Projective Techniques, 21(1), 18–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalra, G. (2012). Pathologising alternate sexuality: Shifting psychiatric practices and a need for ethical norms and reforms. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 9(4), 291.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalra, G., Gupta, S., & Bhugra, D. (2010). Sexual variation in India: A view from the west. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(7), 264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey, A. C. (Ed.). (1953). Sexual behavior in the human female. Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knox, S., & Hill, C. E. (2003). Therapist self-disclosure: Research-based suggestions for practitioners. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(5), 529–539.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LABIA. (2013). Breaking the Binary: Understanding concerns and realities of queer persons assigned gender female at birth across a spectrum of lived gender identities. Mumbai: LABIA. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from www.labiacollective.org

  • Mehta, M., & Deshpande, S. N. (1983). Homosexuality—A study of treatment and outcome. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 25(3), 235.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, I. H. (2007). Prejudice and discrimination as social stressors. In I. H. Meyer & M. E. Northridge (Eds.), The health of sexual minorities: Public health perspectives on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations (pp. 242–267). Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parekh, S. (2003). Homosexuality in India: The light at the end of the tunnel. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 7(1/2), 153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan, P. V., Ayyar, K. S., & Bagadia, V. N. (1982). Homosexuality: Treatment by behaviour modification. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 24(1), 80.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ranade, K. (2015a). Medical response to male same-sex sexuality in Western India: An exploration of ‘Conversion Treatments’ for homosexuality. In A. Narrain & V. Chandran (Eds.), Nothing to fix: Medicalisation of sexual orientation and gender identities. Delhi: Sage Yoda Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranade, K. (2015b). ‘Growing Up Gay’ In a Heterosexually Constructed World: Developmental Life Histories of Young Gay and Lesbian Persons in Urban India, (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Tata Institute of Social Sciences-Mumbai. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/55840?mode=full

  • Rao, T. S., & Jacob, K. S. (2012). Homosexuality and India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 1–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, K., & Terndrup, A. I. (2002). Handbook of affirmative psychotherapy with lesbians and gay men. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakthivel, L., Rangaswami, K., & Jayaraman, T. (1979). Treatment of homosexuality by anticipatory avoidance conditioning technique. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(2), 146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, E., Butler, C. A., Langdridge, D., Gibson, S., Barker, M., Lenihan, P. & Richards, C. (2012). Guidelines and literature review for psychologists working therapeutically with sexual and gender minority clients. British Psychological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein, C. (1991). Psychological and Medical Treatments of Homosexuality. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 101–114). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Silverstein, C. (1996). History of treatment. In R. P. Cabaj & T. S. Stein (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and mental health (pp. 3–16). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, L., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). The hidden costs of stigma. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 220–242). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G., Bartlett, A., & King, M. (2004). Treatments of homosexuality in Britain since the 1950s—an oral history: The experience of patients. British Medical Journal, 328(7437), 427.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Verghese, A. (2014). A fresh look at homosexuality [Letter to the editor]. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 209–210.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1992). ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yogyakarta Principles (2007). Principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. Retreived March 10, 2016, from http://www.yogyakartaprinciples.org/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ketki Ranade .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ranade, K., Chakravarty, S. (2016). ‘Coming Out’ of the Comfort Zone: Challenging Heteronormativity Through Affirmative Counselling Practice with Lesbian and Gay Clients. In: Bhola, P., Raguram, A. (eds) Ethical Issues in Counselling and Psychotherapy Practice. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1808-4_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics