Skip to main content

Visual Inspection Methods for Cervical Cancer Prevention

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Colposcopy of Female Genital Tract
  • 954 Accesses

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women, accounting for about 1,320,000 new cases each year and 73,000 deaths per year. It has a long preinvasive stage and so screening strategies are effective in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical malignancy. Visual screening methods are important screening modalities for low resource countries as they require minimum infrastructure and manpower. These methods can also be used to facilitate “see and treat” protocols especially in populations with poor compliance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray, F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC cancer base no. 11. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr.

  2. Chase DM, Kalouyan Marlene BS, Di Saia P. Colposcopy to evaluate abnormal cervical cytology in 2008. Am J Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;200(5):472–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Karrberg C, Ryd W, Strander B, Branstorm M, Radberg T. Histological diagnosis and evaluation of the Swede score colposcopic system in a large cohort of pregnant women with atypical cervical cytology or cervical malignancy signs. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2012;91:952–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hopman EH, Helmerhorst TJM. Colposcopic findings and nomenclature. CME J Gynecol Oncol. 2005;10:11–3.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shastri SS, Dinshaw K, Amin G, Goswami S, Patil S, Chinoy R, et al. Concurrent evaluation of visual, cytological, HPV testing as screening methods for the early detection of cervical neoplasia in Mumbai, India. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(3):186–94.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Goel A, Gandhi G, Batra S, Bhambhani S, Zutshi V, Sachdeva P. Visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid for cervical intraepithelial lesions. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2005;88(1):25–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sarian LO, Derchain SF, Naud P, Roteli-Martins C, Longatto-Filho A, Tatti S, et al. Evaluation of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Lugol’s iodine (VILI), cervical cytology and HPV testing as cervical screening tools in Latin America. J Med Screen. 2005;12(3):142–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sankarnarayanan R, Chatterjee R, Shastri S, Wesley R, Basu P, Mahe C, et al. Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing in the primary screening of cervical neoplasia: results from a multicentric study in India. Int J Cancer. 2004;112:341–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lugoma GS, Mahmud S, Samih H, Liaras J. Visual inspection as a cervical cancer screening method in a primary health care setting in Africa. Int J Cancer. 2006;119:1389–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. IARC. Handbooks of cancer prevention. Cervical cancer screening. Lyon: IARC Press; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jeronimo J, et al. A multicountry evaluation of care HPV testing, visual inspection with acetic acid, and papanicolaou testing for the detection of cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2014;24(3):576–85.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Longatto-Filho A, et al. Performance characteristics of Pap test, VIA, VILI, HR-HPV testing, cervicography, and colposcopy in diagnosis of significant cervical pathology. Virchows Arch. 2012;460(6):577–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Luciani S, Winkler J. Cervical cancer prevention in Peru: lessons learned from the TATI demonstration project. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Labani S, et al. CareHPV cervical cancer screening demonstration in a rural population of North India. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;176:75–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ajenifuja KO, et al. A population-based study of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical screening in rural Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2013;23(3):507–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. International Agency for Research on Cancer. A practical manual on visual screening for cervical neoplasia. Lyon: IARC; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Shastri SS, Mittra I, Mishra GA, Gupta S, Dikshit R, Singh S, Badwe RA. Effect of VIA screening by primary health workers: randomized controlled study in Mumbai, India. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014; 106(3):dju009. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju009.

  18. Goldie SJ, Gaffikin L, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Gordillo-Tobar A, Levin C, Mahé C, et al. Cost-effectiveness of cervical-cancer screening in five developing countries. Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention Cost Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2158–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sankaranarayanan R, Basu P, Wesley R, Mahe C, Keita N, Gombe Mbalwa CC, et al. Accuracy of visual screening for cervical neoplasia: Results from an IARC multicentre study in India and Africa. Int J Cancer. 2004;112:341–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Krishna Agarwal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Priya, S., Agarwal, K. (2017). Visual Inspection Methods for Cervical Cancer Prevention. In: Mehta, S., Sachdeva, P. (eds) Colposcopy of Female Genital Tract. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1705-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1705-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1704-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1705-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics