Skip to main content

Noncoding RNAs Regulating p53 and c-Myc Signaling

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Long and Short Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Biology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 927))

Abstract

p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressors and is known to play critical roles in the process of tumor development. Similarly, as an important proto-oncogenes, c-Myc is activated in over half of human cancers. Both p53 and c-Myc participate in almost every crucial decision of almost every cell. Therefore, it is utmost important to gain a better understanding of how they affect multiple cellular processes. The physiological and pathologic patterns of p53 and c-Myc regulations are modulated by a large number of cis-elements and transfactors (RNAs and proteins). These elements and factors are composed of a complicated network of intracellular and extracellular pathways. How the noncoding RNAs are involved in their regulations has not been comprehensively reviewed. In this chapter, we will list and describe recently published important noncoding RNAs including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, which act as effectors and regulators for both p53 and c-Myc regulation. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a recent progress of noncoding RNA in the regulation of p53 and c-Myc on network of cellular signaling and its potential implications in both basic science and clinical application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH. p53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2015;16:393–405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Levine AJ, Oren M. The first 30 years of p53: growing ever more complex. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009;9:749–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Vita M, Henriksson M. The Myc oncoprotein as a therapeutic target for human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2006;16:318–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dang CV. MYC on the path to cancer. Cell. 2012;149:22–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Dang CV. c-Myc target genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis, and metabolism. Mol Cell Biol. 1999;19:1–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Farrell AS, Sears RC. MYC degradation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014;4, pii: a014365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brooks CL, Gu W. Dynamics in the p53-Mdm2 ubiquitination pathway. Cell Cycle. 2004;3:895–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Li Y, Lu H. Non-coding RNAs: ‘our turn’ to join the p53 network. J Mol Cell Biol. 2014;6:179–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Batista PJ, Chang HY. Long non-coding RNAs: cellular address codes in development and disease. Cell. 2013;152:1298–307.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang A, Xu M, Mo YY. Role of the lncRNA-p53 regulatory network in cancer. J Mol Cell Biol. 2014;6:181–91.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Idogawa M, Ohashi T, Sasaki Y, Maruyama R, Kashima L, Suzuki H, Tokino T. Identification and analysis of large intergenic non-coding RNAs regulated by p53 family members through a genome-wide analysis of p53-binding sites. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:2847–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sanchez Y, Segura V, Marin-Bejar O, Athie A, Marchese FP, Gonzalez J, Bujanda L, Guo S, Matheu A, Huarte M. Genome-wide analysis of the human p53 transcriptional network unveils a lncRNA tumour suppressor signature. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5812.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D, Garber M, Koziol MJ, Kenzelmann-Broz D, Khalil AM, Zuk O, Amit I, Rabani M, Attardi LD, Regev A, Lander ES, Jacks T, Rinn JL. A large intergenic non-coding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response. Cell. 2010;142:409–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Tang SS, Zheng BY, Xiong XD. LincRNA-p21: implications in human diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:18732–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Dimitrova N, Zamudio JR, Jong RM, Soukup D, Resnick R, Sarma K, Ward AJ, Raj A, Lee JT, Sharp PA, Jacks T. LincRNA-p21 activates p21 in cis to promote Polycomb target gene expression and to enforce the G1/S checkpoint. Mol Cell. 2014;54:777–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Grossi E, Sanchez Y, Huarte M. Expanding the p53 regulatory network: lncRNAs take up the challenge. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1859(1):200–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yoon JH, Abdelmohsen K, Srikantan S, Yang X, Martindale JL, De S, Huarte M, Zhan M, Becker KG, Gorospe M. LincRNA-p21 suppresses target mRNA translation. Mol Cell. 2012;47:648–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Yang F, Zhang H, Mei Y, Wu M. Reciprocal regulation of HIF-1alpha and lincRNA-p21 modulates the Warburg effect. Mol Cell. 2014;53:88–100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bao X, Wu H, Zhu X, Guo X, Hutchins AP, Luo Z, Song H, Chen Y, Lai K, Yin M, Xu L, Zhou L, Chen J, Wang D, Qin B, Frampton J, Tse HF, Pei D, Wang H, Zhang B, Esteban MA. The p53-induced lincRNA-p21 derails somatic cell reprogramming by sustaining H3K9me3 and CpG methylation at pluripotency gene promoters. Cell Res. 2015;25:80–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hung T, Wang Y, Lin MF, Koegel AK, Kotake Y, Grant GD, Horlings HM, Shah N, Umbricht C, Wang P, Kong B, Langerod A, Borresen-Dale AL, Kim SK, van de Vijver M, Sukumar S, Whitfield ML, Kellis M, Xiong Y, Wong DJ, Chang HY. Extensive and coordinated transcription of non-coding RNAs within cell-cycle promoters. Nat Genet. 2011;43:621–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Han L, Zhang EB, Yin DD, Kong R, Xu TP, Chen WM, Xia R, Shu YQ, De W. Low expression of long non-coding RNA PANDAR predicts a poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer and affects cell apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2. Cell Death Dis. 2015;6:e1665.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Pasic I, Shlien A, Durbin AD, Stavropoulos DJ, Baskin B, Ray PN, Novokmet A, Malkin D. Recurrent focal copy-number changes and loss of heterozygosity implicate two non-coding RNAs and one tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 3q13.31 in osteosarcoma. Cancer Res. 2010;70:160–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu Q, Huang J, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Zhang A, Lu Z, Wu F, Mo YY. LncRNA loc285194 is a p53-regulated tumor suppressor. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41:4976–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Qi P, Xu MD, Ni SJ, Huang D, Wei P, Tan C, Zhou XY, Du X. Low expression of LOC285194 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med. 2013;11:122.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Young TL, Matsuda T, Cepko CL. The non-coding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 is required for differentiation of the murine retina. Curr Biol. 2005;15:501–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang EB, Yin DD, Sun M, Kong R, Liu XH, You LH, Han L, Xia R, Wang KM, Yang JS, De W, Shu YQ, Wang ZX. P53-regulated long non-coding RNA TUG1 affects cell proliferation in human non-small cell lung cancer, partly through epigenetically regulating HOXB7 expression. Cell Death Dis. 2014;5:e1243.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Yang L, Lin C, Liu W, Zhang J, Ohgi KA, Grinstein JD, Dorrestein PC, Rosenfeld MG. ncRNA- and Pc2 methylation-dependent gene relocation between nuclear structures mediates gene activation programs. Cell. 2011;147:773–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Khalil AM, Guttman M, Huarte M, Garber M, Raj A, Rivea Morales D, Thomas K, Presser A, Bernstein BE, van Oudenaarden A, Regev A, Lander ES, Rinn JL. Many human large intergenic non-coding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:11667–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Xu Y, Wang J, Qiu M, Xu L, Li M, Jiang F, Yin R. Upregulation of the long non-coding RNA TUG1 promotes proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol. 2015;36:1643–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Natoli G, Andrau JC. Non-coding transcription at enhancers: general principles and functional models. Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:1–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Younger ST, Kenzelmann-Broz D, Jung H, Attardi LD, Rinn JL. Integrative genomic analysis reveals widespread enhancer regulation by p53 in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015;43:4447–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Melo CA, Drost J, Wijchers PJ, van de Werken H, de Wit E, Oude Vrielink JA, Elkon R, Melo SA, Leveille N, Kalluri R, de Laat W, Agami R. eRNAs are required for p53-dependent enhancer activity and gene transcription. Mol Cell. 2013;49:524–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W, Boing S, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Tidow N, Brandt B, Buerger H, Bulk E, Thomas M, Berdel WE, Serve H, Muller-Tidow C. MALAT-1, a novel non-coding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene. 2003;22:8031–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gibb EA, Brown CJ, Lam WL. The functional role of long non-coding RNA in human carcinomas. Mol Cancer. 2011;10:38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Gutschner T, Hammerle M, Eissmann M, Hsu J, Kim Y, Hung G, Revenko A, Arun G, Stentrup M, Gross M, Zornig M, MacLeod AR, Spector DL, Diederichs S. The non-coding RNA MALAT1 is a critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2013;73:1180–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Tripathi V, Shen Z, Chakraborty A, Giri S, Freier SM, Wu X, Zhang Y, Gorospe M, Prasanth SG, Lal A, Prasanth KV. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 controls cell cycle progression by regulating the expression of oncogenic transcription factor B-MYB. PLoS Genet. 2013;9:e1003368.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang X, Zhou Y, Mehta KR, Danila DC, Scolavino S, Johnson SR, Klibanski A. A pituitary-derived MEG3 isoform functions as a growth suppressor in tumor cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5119–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhou Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Batista DL, Gejman R, Ansell PJ, Zhao J, Weng C, Klibanski A. Activation of p53 by MEG3 non-coding RNA. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:24731–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Mahmoudi S, Henriksson S, Corcoran M, Mendez-Vidal C, Wiman KG, Farnebo M. Wrap53, a natural p53 antisense transcript required for p53 induction upon DNA damage. Mol Cell. 2009;33:462–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Saldana-Meyer R, Gonzalez-Buendia E, Guerrero G, Narendra V, Bonasio R, Recillas-Targa F, Reinberg D. CTCF regulates the human p53 gene through direct interaction with its natural antisense transcript, Wrap53. Genes Dev. 2014;28:723–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Loewer S, Cabili MN, Guttman M, Loh YH, Thomas K, Park IH, Garber M, Curran M, Onder T, Agarwal S, Manos PD, Datta S, Lander ES, Schlaeger TM, Daley GQ, Rinn JL. Large intergenic non-coding RNA-RoR modulates reprogramming of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Genet. 2010;42:1113–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang A, Zhou N, Huang J, Liu Q, Fukuda K, Ma D, Lu Z, Bai C, Watabe K, Mo YY. The human long non-coding RNA-RoR is a p53 repressor in response to DNA damage. Cell Res. 2013;23:340–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell. 2004;116:281–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Iorio MV, Croce CM. MicroRNA dysregulation in cancer: diagnostics, monitoring and therapeutics. EMBO Mol Med. 2012;4:143–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Liao JM, Cao B, Zhou X, Lu H. New insights into p53 functions through its target microRNAs. J Mol Cell Biol. 2014;6:206–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Krell J, Frampton AE, Colombo T, Gall TM, De Giorgio A, Harding V, Stebbing J, Castellano L. The p53 miRNA interactome and its potential role in the cancer clinic. Epigenomics. 2013;5:417–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Bommer GT, Gerin I, Feng Y, Kaczorowski AJ, Kuick R, Love RE, Zhai Y, Giordano TJ, Qin ZS, Moore BB, MacDougald OA, Cho KR, Fearon ER. p53-mediated activation of miRNA34 candidate tumor-suppressor genes. Curr Biol. 2007;17:1298–307.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chang TC, Wentzel EA, Kent OA, Ramachandran K, Mullendore M, Lee KH, Feldmann G, Yamakuchi M, Ferlito M, Lowenstein CJ, Arking DE, Beer MA, Maitra A, Mendell JT. Transactivation of miR-34a by p53 broadly influences gene expression and promotes apoptosis. Mol Cell. 2007;26:745–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Corney DC, Flesken-Nikitin A, Godwin AK, Wang W, Nikitin AY. MicroRNA-34b and MicroRNA-34c are targets of p53 and cooperate in control of cell proliferation and adhesion-independent growth. Cancer Res. 2007;67:8433–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. He L, He X, Lim LP, de Stanchina E, Xuan Z, Liang Y, Xue W, Zender L, Magnus J, Ridzon D, Jackson AL, Linsley PS, Chen C, Lowe SW, Cleary MA, Hannon GJ. A microRNA component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature. 2007;447:1130–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Raver-Shapira N, Marciano E, Meiri E, Spector Y, Rosenfeld N, Moskovits N, Bentwich Z, Oren M. Transcriptional activation of miR-34a contributes to p53-mediated apoptosis. Mol Cell. 2007;26:731–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Tazawa H, Tsuchiya N, Izumiya M, Nakagama H. Tumor-suppressive miR-34a induces senescence-like growth arrest through modulation of the E2F pathway in human colon cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:15472–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Yamakuchi M, Ferlito M, Lowenstein CJ. miR-34a repression of SIRT1 regulates apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:13421–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Concepcion CP, Han YC, Mu P, Bonetti C, Yao E, D’Andrea A, Vidigal JA, Maughan WP, Ogrodowski P, Ventura A. Intact p53-dependent responses in miR-34-deficient mice. PLoS Genet. 2012;8:e1002797.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Georges SA, Biery MC, Kim SY, Schelter JM, Guo J, Chang AN, Jackson AL, Carleton MO, Linsley PS, Cleary MA, Chau BN. Coordinated regulation of cell cycle transcripts by p53-Inducible microRNAs, miR-192 and miR-215. Cancer Res. 2008;68:10105–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Piovan C, Palmieri D, Di Leva G, Braccioli L, Casalini P, Nuovo G, Tortoreto M, Sasso M, Plantamura I, Triulzi T, Taccioli C, Tagliabue E, Iorio MV, Croce CM. Oncosuppressive role of p53-induced miR-205 in triple negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol. 2012;6:458–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, Aldler H, Rattan S, Keating M, Rai K, Rassenti L, Kipps T, Negrini M, Bullrich F, Croce CM. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:15524–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Brabletz S, Bajdak K, Meidhof S, Burk U, Niedermann G, Firat E, Wellner U, Dimmler A, Faller G, Schubert J, Brabletz T. The ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop controls Notch signalling in cancer cells. EMBO J. 2011;30:770–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Gregory PA, Bert AG, Paterson EL, Barry SC, Tsykin A, Farshid G, Vadas MA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ. The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1. Nat Cell Biol. 2008;10:593–601.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Bohlig L, Friedrich M, Engeland K. p53 activates the PANK1/miRNA-107 gene leading to downregulation of CDK6 and p130 cell cycle proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011;39:440–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Yamakuchi M, Lotterman CD, Bao C, Hruban RH, Karim B, Mendell JT, Huso D, Lowenstein CJ. P53-induced microRNA-107 inhibits HIF-1 and tumor angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:6334–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Sachdeva M, Zhu S, Wu F, Wu H, Walia V, Kumar S, Elble R, Watabe K, Mo YY. p53 represses c-Myc through induction of the tumor suppressor miR-145. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:3207–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Yan HL, Xue G, Mei Q, Wang YZ, Ding FX, Liu MF, Lu MH, Tang Y, Yu HY, Sun SH. Repression of the miR-17-92 cluster by p53 has an important function in hypoxia-induced apoptosis. EMBO J. 2009;28:2719–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Suzuki HI, Yamagata K, Sugimoto K, Iwamoto T, Kato S, Miyazono K. Modulation of microRNA processing by p53. Nature. 2009;460:529–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Leveille N, Elkon R, Davalos V, Manoharan V, Hollingworth D, Oude Vrielink J, le Sage C, Melo CA, Horlings HM, Wesseling J, Ule J, Esteller M, Ramos A, Agami R. Selective inhibition of microRNA accessibility by RBM38 is required for p53 activity. Nat Commun. 2011;2:513.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Sundaram P, Hultine S, Smith LM, Dews M, Fox JL, Biyashev D, Schelter JM, Huang Q, Cleary MA, Volpert OV, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. p53-responsive miR-194 inhibits thrombospondin-1 and promotes angiogenesis in colon cancers. Cancer Res. 2011;71:7490–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Jin L, Hu WL, Jiang CC, Wang JX, Han CC, Chu P, Zhang LJ, Thorne RF, Wilmott J, Scolyer RA, Hersey P, Zhang XD, Wu M. MicroRNA-149*, a p53-responsive microRNA, functions as an oncogenic regulator in human melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:15840–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhang C, Liu J, Wang X, Feng Z. The regulation of the p53/MDM2 feedback loop by microRNAs. RNA Dis. 2015;2:e502.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Sun YM, Lin KY, Chen YQ. Diverse functions of miR-125 family in different cell contexts. J Hematol Oncol. 2013;6:6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Le MT, Shyh-Chang N, Khaw SL, Chin L, Teh C, Tay J, O’Day E, Korzh V, Yang H, Lal A, Lieberman J, Lodish HF, Lim B. Conserved regulation of p53 network dosage by microRNA-125b occurs through evolving miRNA-target gene pairs. PLoS Genet. 2011;7:e1002242.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Enomoto Y, Kitaura J, Hatakeyama K, Watanuki J, Akasaka T, Kato N, Shimanuki M, Nishimura K, Takahashi M, Taniwaki M, Haferlach C, Siebert R, Dyer MJ, Asou N, Aburatani H, Nakakuma H, Kitamura T, Sonoki T. Emu/miR-125b transgenic mice develop lethal B-cell malignancies. Leukemia. 2011;25:1849–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Zhang Y, Yan LX, Wu QN, Du ZM, Chen J, Liao DZ, Huang MY, Hou JH, Wu QL, Zeng MS, Huang WL, Zeng YX, Shao JY. miR-125b is methylated and functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating the ETS1 proto-oncogene in human invasive breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2011;71:3552–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hermeking H. MicroRNAs in the p53 network: micromanagement of tumour suppression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012;12:613–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kumar M, Lu Z, Takwi AA, Chen W, Callander NS, Ramos KS, Young KH, Li Y. Negative regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 gene by microRNAs. Oncogene. 2011;30:843–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Li N, Kaur S, Greshock J, Lassus H, Zhong X, Wang Y, Leminen A, Shao Z, Hu X, Liang S, Katsaros D, Huang Q, Butzow R, Weber BL, Coukos G, Zhang L. A combined array-based comparative genomic hybridization and functional library screening approach identifies mir-30d as an oncomir in cancer. Cancer Res. 2012;72:154–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Swarbrick A, Woods SL, Shaw A, Balakrishnan A, Phua Y, Nguyen A, Chanthery Y, Lim L, Ashton LJ, Judson RL, Huskey N, Blelloch R, Haber M, Norris MD, Lengyel P, Hackett CS, Preiss T, Chetcuti A, Sullivan CS, Marcusson EG, Weiss W, L’Etoile N, Goga A. miR-380-5p represses p53 to control cellular survival and is associated with poor outcome in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Nat Med. 2010;16:1134–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Li Y, Gordon MW, Xu-Monette ZY, Visco C, Tzankov A, Zou D, Qiu L, Montes-Moreno S, Dybkaer K, Orazi A, Zu Y, Bhagat G, Richards KL, Hsi ED, Choi WW, van Krieken JH, Huang Q, Ai W, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Winter JN, Go RS, Piris MA, Moller MB, Wu L, Wang M, Ramos KS, Medeiros LJ, Young KH. Single nucleotide variation in the TP53 3’ untranslated region in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-CHOP: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program. Blood. 2013;121:4529–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Braun CJ, Zhang X, Savelyeva I, Wolff S, Moll UM, Schepeler T, Orntoft TF, Andersen CL, Dobbelstein M. p53-Responsive micrornas 192 and 215 are capable of inducing cell cycle arrest. Cancer Res. 2008;68:10094–104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Pichiorri F, Suh SS, Rocci A, De Luca L, Taccioli C, Santhanam R, Zhou W, Benson Jr DM, Hofmainster C, Alder H, Garofalo M, Di Leva G, Volinia S, Lin HJ, Perrotti D, Kuehl M, Aqeilan RI, Palumbo A, Croce CM. Downregulation of p53-inducible microRNAs 192, 194, and 215 impairs the p53/MDM2 autoregulatory loop in multiple myeloma development. Cancer Cell. 2010;18:367–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Hoffman Y, Pilpel Y, Oren M. microRNAs and Alu elements in the p53-Mdm2-Mdm4 regulatory network. J Mol Cell Biol. 2014;6:192–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Xiao J, Lin H, Luo X, Wang Z. miR-605 joins p53 network to form a p53:miR-605:Mdm2 positive feedback loop in response to stress. EMBO J. 2011;30:524–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Zhang J, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Ge S, Han ZG, Chen WT. Loss of microRNA-143/145 disturbs cellular growth and apoptosis of human epithelial cancers by impairing the MDM2-p53 feedback loop. Oncogene. 2013;32:61–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Park SY, Lee JH, Ha M, Nam JW, Kim VN. miR-29 miRNAs activate p53 by targeting p85 alpha and CDC42. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009;16:23–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Ugalde AP, Ramsay AJ, de la Rosa J, Varela I, Marino G, Cadinanos J, Lu J, Freije JM, Lopez-Otin C. Aging and chronic DNA damage response activate a regulatory pathway involving miR-29 and p53. EMBO J. 2011;30:2219–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Yamakuchi M, Lowenstein CJ. MiR-34, SIRT1 and p53: the feedback loop. Cell Cycle. 2009;8:712–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Suh SS, Yoo JY, Nuovo GJ, Jeon YJ, Kim S, Lee TJ, Kim T, Bakacs A, Alder H, Kaur B, Aqeilan RI, Pichiorri F, Croce CM. MicroRNAs/TP53 feedback circuitry in glioblastoma multiforme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:5316–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Meyer N, Penn LZ. Reflecting on 25 years with MYC. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8:976–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Nie Z, Hu G, Wei G, Cui K, Yamane A, Resch W, Wang R, Green DR, Tessarollo L, Casellas R, Zhao K, Levens D. c-Myc is a universal amplifier of expressed genes in lymphocytes and embryonic stem cells. Cell. 2012;151:68–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Deng K, Guo X, Wang H, Xia J. The lncRNA-MYC regulatory network in cancer. Tumour Biol. 2014;35:9497–503.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Psathas JN, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. MYC and the art of microRNA maintenance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014;4, pii: a014175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kim T, Cui R, Jeon YJ, Fadda P, Alder H, Croce CM. MYC-repressed long non-coding RNAs antagonize MYC-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Oncotarget. 2015;6:18780–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Hart JR, Roberts TC, Weinberg MS, Morris KV, Vogt PK. MYC regulates the non-coding transcriptome. Oncotarget. 2014;5:12543–54.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Reik W, Walter J. Genomic imprinting: parental influence on the genome. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2:21–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Andrulis IL, Tsao MS, Penn LZ. The c-Myc oncogene directly induces the H19 non-coding RNA by allele-specific binding to potentiate tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2006;66:5330–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Nissan A, Stojadinovic A, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Halle D, Grinbaum R, Roistacher M, Bochem A, Dayanc BE, Ritter G, Gomceli I, Bostanci EB, Akoglu M, Chen YT, Old LJ, Gure AO. Colon cancer associated transcript-1: a novel RNA expressed in malignant and pre-malignant human tissues. Int J Cancer. 2012;130:1598–606.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Yang F, Xue X, Bi J, Zheng L, Zhi K, Gu Y, Fang G. Long non-coding RNA CCAT1, which could be activated by c-Myc, promotes the progression of gastric carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2013;139:437–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. He X, Tan X, Wang X, Jin H, Liu L, Ma L, Yu H, Fan Z. C-Myc-activated long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Tumour Biol. 2014;35:12181–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Doose G, Haake A, Bernhart SH, Lopez C, Duggimpudi S, Wojciech F, Bergmann AK, Borkhardt A, Burkhardt B, Claviez A, Dimitrova L, Haas S, Hoell JI, Hummel M, Karsch D, Klapper W, Kleo K, Kretzmer H, Kreuz M, Kuppers R, Lawerenz C, Lenze D, Loeffler M, Mantovani-Loffler L, Moller P, Ott G, Richter J, Rohde M, Rosenstiel P, Rosenwald A, Schilhabel M, Schneider M, Scholz I, Stilgenbauer S, Stunnenberg HG, Szczepanowski M, Trumper L, Weniger MA, Hoffmann S, Siebert R, Iaccarino I. MINCR is a MYC-induced lncRNA able to modulate MYC’s transcriptional network in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E5261–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Chen W, Bocker W, Brosius J, Tiedge H. Expression of neural BC200 RNA in human tumours. J Pathol. 1997;183:345–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Hu T, Lu YR. BCYRN1, a c-MYC-activated long non-coding RNA, regulates cell metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int. 2015;15:36.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Xiang JF, Yin QF, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang XO, Wu Z, Zhang S, Wang HB, Ge J, Lu X, Yang L, Chen LL. Human colorectal cancer-specific CCAT1-L lncRNA regulates long-range chromatin interactions at the MYC locus. Cell Res. 2014;24:513–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  102. Yang F, Xue X, Zheng L, Bi J, Zhou Y, Zhi K, Gu Y, Fang G. Long non-coding RNA GHET1 promotes gastric carcinoma cell proliferation by increasing c-Myc mRNA stability. FEBS J. 2014;281:802–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Li LJ, Zhu JL, Bao WS, Chen DK, Huang WW, Weng ZL. Long non-coding RNA GHET1 promotes the development of bladder cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7:7196–205.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Pickard MR, Williams GT. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of tumour suppressor GAS5 lncRNA. Genes (Basel). 2015;6:484–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Hu G, Lou Z, Gupta M. The long non-coding RNA GAS5 cooperates with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E to regulate c-Myc translation. Plos ONE. 2014;9:e107016.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Prensner JR, Iyer MK, Balbin OA, Dhanasekaran SM, Cao Q, Brenner JC, Laxman B, Asangani IA, Grasso CS, Kominsky HD, Cao X, Jing X, Wang X, Siddiqui J, Wei JT, Robinson D, Iyer HK, Palanisamy N, Maher CA, Chinnaiyan AM. Transcriptome sequencing across a prostate cancer cohort identifies PCAT-1, an unannotated lincRNA implicated in disease progression. Nat Biotechnol. 2011;29:742–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Ge X, Chen Y, Liao X, Liu D, Li F, Ruan H, Jia W. Overexpression of long non-coding RNA PCAT-1 is a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Med Oncol. 2013;30:588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Prensner JR, Chen W, Han S, Iyer MK, Cao Q, Kothari V, Evans JR, Knudsen KE, Paulsen MT, Ljungman M, Lawrence TS, Chinnaiyan AM, Feng FY. The long non-coding RNA PCAT-1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation through cMyc. Neoplasia. 2014;16:900–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Colombo T, Farina L, Macino G, Paci P. PVT1: a rising star among oncogenic long non-coding RNAs. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:304208.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Johnsson P, Morris KV. Expanding the functional role of long non-coding RNAs. Cell Res. 2014;24:1284–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  111. Tseng YY, Moriarity BS, Gong W, Akiyama R, Tiwari A, Kawakami H, Ronning P, Reuland B, Guenther K, Beadnell TC, Essig J, Otto GM, O’Sullivan MG, Largaespada DA, Schwertfeger KL, Marahrens Y, Kawakami Y, Bagchi A. PVT1 dependence in cancer with MYC copy-number increase. Nature. 2014;512:82–6.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Srikantan V, Zou Z, Petrovics G, Xu L, Augustus M, Davis L, Livezey JR, Connell T, Sesterhenn IA, Yoshino K, Buzard GS, Mostofi FK, McLeod DG, Moul JW, Srivastava S. PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:12216–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  113. Petrovics G, Zhang W, Makarem M, Street JP, Connelly R, Sun L, Sesterhenn IA, Srikantan V, Moul JW, Srivastava S. Elevated expression of PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene with cell growth-promoting function, is associated with high-risk prostate cancer patients. Oncogene. 2004;23:605–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Hung CL, Wang LY, Yu YL, Chen HW, Srivastava S, Petrovics G, Kung HJ. A long non-coding RNA connects c-Myc to tumor metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:18697–702.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  115. Jackstadt R, Hermeking H. MicroRNAs as regulators and mediators of c-MYC function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1849:544–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. O’Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Zeller KI, Dang CV, Mendell JT. c-Myc-regulated microRNAs modulate E2F1 expression. Nature. 2005;435:839–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. He L, Thomson JM, Hemann MT, Hernando-Monge E, Mu D, Goodson S, Powers S, Cordon-Cardo C, Lowe SW, Hannon GJ, Hammond SM. A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene. Nature. 2005;435:828–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  118. Mavrakis KJ, Wolfe AL, Oricchio E, Palomero T, de Keersmaecker K, McJunkin K, Zuber J, James T, Khan AA, Leslie CS, Parker JS, Paddison PJ, Tam W, Ferrando A, Wendel HG. Genome-wide RNA-mediated interference screen identifies miR-19 targets in Notch-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Cell Biol. 2010;12:372–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  119. Mu P, Han YC, Betel D, Yao E, Squatrito M, Ogrodowski P, de Stanchina E, D’Andrea A, Sander C, Ventura A. Genetic dissection of the miR-17 ~ 92 cluster of microRNAs in Myc-induced B-cell lymphomas. Genes Dev. 2009;23:2806–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  120. Sandhu SK, Fassan M, Volinia S, Lovat F, Balatti V, Pekarsky Y, Croce CM. B-cell malignancies in microRNA Emu-miR-17 ~ 92 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:18208–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  121. Dews M, Homayouni A, Yu D, Murphy D, Sevignani C, Wentzel E, Furth EE, Lee WM, Enders GH, Mendell JT, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Augmentation of tumor angiogenesis by a Myc-activated microRNA cluster. Nat Genet. 2006;38:1060–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Conkrite K, Sundby M, Mukai S, Thomson JM, Mu D, Hammond SM, MacPherson D. miR-17 ~ 92 cooperates with RB pathway mutations to promote retinoblastoma. Genes Dev. 2011;25:1734–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  123. Uziel T, Karginov FV, Xie S, Parker JS, Wang YD, Gajjar A, He L, Ellison D, Gilbertson RJ, Hannon G, Roussel MF. The miR-17 ~ 92 cluster collaborates with the Sonic Hedgehog pathway in medulloblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:2812–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  124. Feng M, Li Z, Aau M, Wong CH, Yang X, Yu Q. Myc/miR-378/TOB2/cyclin D1 functional module regulates oncogenic transformation. Oncogene. 2011;30:2242–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Song SJ, Poliseno L, Song MS, Ala U, Webster K, Ng C, Beringer G, Brikbak NJ, Yuan X, Cantley LC, Richardson AL, Pandolfi PP. MicroRNA-antagonism regulates breast cancer stemness and metastasis via TET-family-dependent chromatin remodeling. Cell. 2013;154:311–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  126. Chang TC, Zeitels LR, Hwang HW, Chivukula RR, Wentzel EA, Dews M, Jung J, Gao P, Dang CV, Beer MA, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Mendell JT. Lin-28B transactivation is necessary for Myc-mediated let-7 repression and proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:3384–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  127. Lee YS, Dutta A. The tumor suppressor microRNA let-7 represses the HMGA2 oncogene. Genes Dev. 2007;21:1025–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  128. Johnson CD, Esquela-Kerscher A, Stefani G, Byrom M, Kelnar K, Ovcharenko D, Wilson M, Wang X, Shelton J, Shingara J, Chin L, Brown D, Slack FJ. The let-7 microRNA represses cell proliferation pathways in human cells. Cancer Res. 2007;67:7713–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Gao P, Tchernyshyov I, Chang TC, Lee YS, Kita K, Ochi T, Zeller KI, De Marzo AM, Van Eyk JE, Mendell JT, Dang CV. c-Myc suppression of miR-23a/b enhances mitochondrial glutaminase expression and glutamine metabolism. Nature. 2009;458:762–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  130. Rissland OS, Hong SJ, Bartel DP. MicroRNA destabilization enables dynamic regulation of the miR-16 family in response to cell-cycle changes. Mol Cell. 2011;43:993–1004.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  131. Klein U, Lia M, Crespo M, Siegel R, Shen Q, Mo T, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Califano A, Migliazza A, Bhagat G, Dalla-Favera R. The DLEU2/miR-15a/16-1 cluster controls B cell proliferation and its deletion leads to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2010;17:28–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Bonci D, Coppola V, Musumeci M, Addario A, Giuffrida R, Memeo L, D’Urso L, Pagliuca A, Biffoni M, Labbaye C, Bartucci M, Muto G, Peschle C, De Maria R. The miR-15a-miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities. Nat Med. 2008;14:1271–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Cimmino A, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Shimizu M, Wojcik SE, Aqeilan RI, Zupo S, Dono M, Rassenti L, Alder H, Volinia S, Liu CG, Kipps TJ, Negrini M, Croce CM. miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:13944–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  134. Chang TC, Yu D, Lee YS, Wentzel EA, Arking DE, West KM, Dang CV, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Mendell JT. Widespread microRNA repression by Myc contributes to tumorigenesis. Nat Genet. 2008;40:43–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Sotillo E, Laver T, Mellert H, Schelter JM, Cleary MA, McMahon S, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Myc overexpression brings out unexpected antiapoptotic effects of miR-34a. Oncogene. 2011;30:2587–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  136. Yang X, Liang L, Zhang XF, Jia HL, Qin Y, Zhu XC, Gao XM, Qiao P, Zheng Y, Sheng YY, Wei JW, Zhou HJ, Ren N, Ye QH, Dong QZ, Qin LX. MicroRNA-26a suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting interleukin-6-Stat3 pathway. Hepatology. 2013;58:158–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Kota J, Chivukula RR, O’Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Montgomery CL, Hwang HW, Chang TC, Vivekanandan P, Torbenson M, Clark KR, Mendell JR, Mendell JT. Therapeutic microRNA delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model. Cell. 2009;137:1005–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  138. Han H, Sun D, Li W, Shen H, Zhu Y, Li C, Chen Y, Lu L, Zhang J, Tian Y, Li Y. A c-Myc-microRNA functional feedback loop affects hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology. 2013;57:2378–89.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Takwi AA, Li Y, Becker Buscaglia LE, Zhang J, Choudhury S, Park AK, Liu M, Young KH, Park WY, Martin RC. A statin-regulated microRNA represses human c-Myc expression and function. EMBO Mol Med. 2012;4:896–909.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  140. Jung HM, Patel RS, Phillips BL, Wang H, Cohen DM, Reinhold WC, Chang LJ, Yang LJ, Chan EK. Tumor suppressor miR-375 regulates MYC expression via repression of CIP2A coding sequence through multiple miRNA-mRNA interactions. Mol Biol Cell. 2013;24(1638–1648):S1631–7.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Sampson VB, Rong NH, Han J, Yang Q, Aris V, Soteropoulos P, Petrelli NJ, Dunn SP, Krueger LJ. MicroRNA let-7a down-regulates MYC and reverts MYC-induced growth in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Cancer Res. 2007;67:9762–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Abe W, Nasu K, Nakada C, Kawano Y, Moriyama M, Narahara H. miR-196b targets c-myc and Bcl-2 expression, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in endometriotic stromal cells. Hum Reprod. 2013;28:750–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Zhen Y, Liu Z, Yang H, Yu X, Wu Q, Hua S, Long X, Jiang Q, Song Y, Cheng C, Wang H, Zhao M, Fu Q, Lyu X, Chen Y, Fan Y, Liu Y, Li X, Fang W. Tumor suppressor PDCD4 modulates miR-184-mediated direct suppression of C-MYC and BCL2 blocking cell growth and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis. 2013;4:e872.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  144. Lal A, Navarro F, Maher CA, Maliszewski LE, Yan N, O’Day E, Chowdhury D, Dykxhoorn DM, Tsai P, Hofmann O, Becker KG, Gorospe M, Hide W, Lieberman J. miR-24 Inhibits cell proliferation by targeting E2F2, MYC, and other cell-cycle genes via binding to “seedless” 3’UTR microRNA recognition elements. Mol Cell. 2009;35:610–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  145. Liu Z, Zhang G, Li J, Liu J, Lv P. The tumor-suppressive microRNA-135b targets c-myc in osteosarcoma. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e102621.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Challagundla KB, Sun XX, Zhang X, DeVine T, Zhang Q, Sears RC, Dai MS. Ribosomal protein L11 recruits miR-24/miRISC to repress c-Myc expression in response to ribosomal stress. Mol Cell Biol. 2011;31:4007–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mian Wu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mei, Y., Wu, M. (2016). Noncoding RNAs Regulating p53 and c-Myc Signaling. In: Song, E. (eds) The Long and Short Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Biology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 927. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics