Abstract
In the early years of the twentieth century, due to a series of political, economic, and cultural changes, all kinds of intellectual trends rushed into a stagnant and backward China, the extent and profusion of which, along with the depth and complexity of their influence, had rarely been seen in the history of world culture.
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Notes
- 1.
Ai Siqi, “Lu Xun xiansheng zaoqi duiyu zhexue de gongxian” , see Lu Xun yanjiu congkan, Vol. 1, p. 31, Lu Xun wenhua chubanshe.
- 2.
Wang Guowei, “Shubenhua yu Nicai”, see Jing’an wenji .
- 3.
Carried in Xin qingnian [New Youth], Vol. 2, Issue 5.
- 4.
Carried in Xin qingnian [New Youth], Vol. 4, Issue 2.
- 5.
Fu Sinian, “Suiganlu ,” in Xinchao, Vol. 1, Issue 5.
- 6.
See Shaonian Zhongguo, Vol. 1, Issue 3.
- 7.
See Jiefang yu gaizai [Liberation and Reform], Vol. 1, Issues 6 and 7.
- 8.
Before this time, Lu Xun had already translated the more important parts of this foreword using classical Chinese. See “Chaluodusideluo rushishuo” yi gao, folio 1, currently housed in the Peking Library.
- 9.
Moruo wenji, Vol. 7, p. 399.
- 10.
Ibid., pp. 261–262.
- 11.
Ibid.
- 12.
Xiang Peiliang, “Shuipingxian xia”, in Kuangbiao (irregular), Issue 1.
- 13.
Yu Dafu, “Chaoren de yimian,” in Duancan ji.
- 14.
Lin Tongji, “Preface to Cong Shubenha dao Nicai ,” (Shanghai: Dadongshuju, 1946).
- 15.
Ouyang Fanhai, “Shenmo shi Zhanguopai de wenyi” , carried in Chunzhong, 1943, April issue.
- 16.
Tang Tao, “Lu Xun de zagan” , carried in the inaugural issue of Lu Xun feng.
- 17.
Liening quanji, Vol. 18, p. 154.
- 18.
Guo Moruo, “Lu Xun yu Wang Guowei” , in Moruo wenji , Vol. 12, p. 535.
- 19.
Lu Xun, “Wenhua pianzhilun” [Concerning Imbalanced Cultural Development]. Translated by Jon Eugene von Kowallis in Warriors of the Spirit: Lu Xun’s Early wenyan Essays (Berkeley: University of California, Institute of East Asian Studies, China Research Monograph Series, forthcoming).
- 20.
Ibid.
- 21.
Ibid.
- 22.
Ibid. (adapted).
- 23.
Ibid.
- 24.
Ibid.
- 25.
Ibid.
- 26.
Ibid.
- 27.
Ibid.
- 28.
Ibid. (adapted).
- 29.
Ibid. Von Wallis notes: Lu Xun’s version of this passage from Also Sprach Zarathustra (1883–1885) is probably based on a Japanese language translation of the German original, or an even further–moved Japanese translation of the English version. Whether the clause is a free translation or Lu Xun’s own interpretation of the text, some discrepancy exists.
- 30.
Ibid. (Von Wallis).
- 31.
Ibid.
- 32.
ibid.
- 33.
ibid.
- 34.
ibid.
- 35.
ibid.
- 36.
Ibid.
- 37.
Von Kowallis , Lu Xun “Toward a Refutation of Malevolent Voices” , p. 40.
- 38.
Von Kowallis ,“Lu Xun: Concerning Imbalanced Cultural Development.”
- 39.
Ibid.
- 40.
Ibid.
- 41.
Ibid.
- 42.
Ibid.
- 43.
Ibid.
- 44.
Ibid.
- 45.
Quoted from http://www.literaturepage.com/read/thusspakezarathustra–59.html [viewed 28/4/2015].
- 46.
“Suiganlu di sishiyi”.
- 47.
Work by M. Artsybashev. See Artsybashev, Sobrainie Sochinenii , vol. 3, pp. 261–361.
- 48.
Kaufmann, Walter (trans.), Thus Spoke Zarathustra (New York: Viking, 1966). Zarathustra’s Speeches, Third Part, (8) On Apostates, p. 178.
- 49.
Lu Xun, “The Take–Over Policy,” in Lu Xun Selected Works, Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang (trans.) (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1980), Vol. 4, p. 51.
- 50.
Lu Xun, “From Deafness to Dumbness”, in Yang Hsien–yi & Gladys Yang (trans.) Lu Xun Selected Works, vol. 3, p. 349.
- 51.
Ibid.
- 52.
“Chalatusitela de xuyan—houji”, in Xin chao, Vol. 2, Issue 5.
- 53.
“Xuesheng yu shehui,” carried in Xuesheng zazhi, Vol. 4, Issue 12.
- 54.
Spetman, Nicai de zhuzaiguan .
- 55.
“Yayan yu zili”, see Moruo wenji , Vol. 10, pp. 73, 74.
- 56.
Ibid.
- 57.
Guo Moruo, “Lun Zhong–De wenhuashu”, in Chuangzao zhoubao, No. 5 or Moruo wenji , Vol. 10 for slightly different versions.
- 58.
See Guo Moruo’s translation of Neitzsche: Chalatusitela rushishuo, sanzhong de bianxing.
- 59.
Guo Moruo, “Zhongguo wenhuade chuantong jingshen” , in Chuangzao zhoubao, No. 2.
- 60.
Yu Dafu, “Jing de wenyi zuopin”, in Xianshu, p. 137.
- 61.
Guo Moruo, “Yayan yu zili” fuji (1958), in Moruo wenji , Vol. 10, p. 75.
- 62.
Cong Shubenhua dao Nicai, neirong shuyao, Dadongshuju, 1946.
- 63.
Chen Quan, Wenxue piping de xin fangxiang, Zhengzhong shuju, 1943, p. 16.
- 64.
Ouyang Fanhai, “Shenmo shi Zhanguopai de wenyi” , carried in Qunzhong, 1943, April issue.
- 65.
Chen Quan, Wenxue piyu de xin fangxiang, p. 148.
- 66.
Chen Quan, “Lun yinxiong chongbai” , in Shidai zhi bo, Dadong shuju, 1946.
- 67.
Shen Yanbing, Nicai de xueshuo.
- 68.
See “Chalatusitela de xuyan, houji,” in Xinchao, Vol. 2, Issue 5.
- 69.
Chen Quan, Wenxue piping de xin fangxiang, pp. 145–147.
- 70.
Chen Quan, Cong Shubenhua dao Nicai, pp. 117, 124.
- 71.
Lu Xun, “Chalatusitela de xuyan, houji”.
- 72.
Chen Quan, Wenxue piping de xin fangxiang, pp. 14–16.
- 73.
Ibid.
- 74.
Lin Tongji, “Jiyu Zhongguo yishuren” , see Shidai zhi bo, Dadong shuju, 1946, pp. 3, 5, 10.
- 75.
Lin Tongji, Cong Shubenhua dao Nicai xu .
- 76.
Chen Quan, Wenxue piping de xin fangxiang, pp. 50–55.
- 77.
Chen Quan, “Minzu wenxue yundong de yiyi” , see Zhanguo, Issue 25.
- 78.
Lin Tongji, Cong Shubenhua dao Nicai xu.
- 79.
Chen Quan, Wenxue piping de xin Dongxiang, pp. 16, 121, 97, 178.
- 80.
Ibid.
- 81.
Ibid.
- 82.
Ibid.
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Yue, D. (2016). Nietzsche and Modern Chinese Literature. In: China and the West at the Crossroads. China Academic Library. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1116-0_14
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