Abstract
The Archean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement is well exposed in the southern North China Craton (NCC), and can be divided into three distinct tectonic complexes, naming, the Sushui, Dengfeng and Taihua complexes. Their equivalents probably extend into the Huoqiu and Bengbu areas of Anhui Province in the southeastern margin of the NCC, and the Longshan area of Gansu Province in the southwestern margin. In the last decade, a large number of the Mesoarchean–Neoarchean (ca. 2.85–2.50 Ga) rocks have been widely recognized in those complexes, which provides important insights into the formation and evolution of NCC during this period. Based on the available isotopic data, the Archean continental crust of the southern NCC can be divided into the 2.85–2.70 Ga and ca. 2.50 Ga rock associations. Most of zircons in the 2.85–2.70 Ga rocks that consist predominantly of TTG gneisses have variable but positive ε Hf(t) values, and their magmatic zircon domains that are characterized by oscillatory zoning in CL images present mantle-like O isotopes, reflecting a somewhat geochemically heterogeneous but depleted mantle Hf isotope reservoir dominates the source of these rocks. The whole-rock Nd isotopic data show similar geochemical characteristics, confirming juvenile sources for their provenance. Although majority of Chinese Precambrian geologists suggested that the ca. 2.50 Ga tectonothermal events were mainly involved in crustal reworking or partial melting of the early Neoarchean mafic crust formed at 2.85–2.70 Ga, we emphasize that ca. 2.50 Ga is another major period of continental crust growth in the southern NCC as well as the whole NCC based on the following lines of evidence: (1) a variable proportion of metabasaltic rocks with ca. 2.50 Ga zircon U–Pb ages exposed in both the high-grade gneissic complexes and the low-grade granite-greenstone terrenes. (2) the metabasaltic rocks present mixed MORB- and/or arc-like geochemical affinities, suggesting that they were derived from mantle source with minor continental crust contamination. (3) most of the ca. 2.50 Ga magmatic zircons from TTG gneisses, amphibolites and related rocks have positive ε Hf(t) values that are similar to those of the contemporaneous depleted mantle, and their Hf model ages of 2.85–2.49 Ga are close to corresponding U–Pb ages, suggesting that these rocks originated from the juvenile crust at ca. 2.50 Ga. (4) the whole-rock Nd isotopic data of the ca. 2.50 Ga rocks show similar geochemical characteristics, confirming juvenile sources for their provenance. In summary, we suggeste that the southern NCC underwent two marked episodes of continental crust growth at 2.85–2.70 Ga and ca. 2.50 Ga during the Archean, and all the complexes in the southern NCC were welded together to form a coherent ancient terrane at the end of the Neoarchean, we named it the “Southern Archean Block (SAB)”. The SAB show an east–west trending belt from Gansu across Shaanxi and Henan into Anhui Province, stretching over 1000 km long, it may has experienced a long geological history which can be traced back to the Hadean. The ca. 2.50 Ga K-rich granitoid rocks were recognized from the southern NCC, which are commonly considered as the proxy of the final stabilization of the block lithosphere.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bai, J., Yu, Z., Yan, Y., & Dai, F. (1997). Precambrian geology of Zhongtiaoshan (pp. 1–143). Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press.
Belousova, E. A., Kostitsyn, Y. A., Griffin, W. L., Begg, G. C., O’Reilly, S. Y., & Pearson, N. J. (2010). The growth of the continental crust: Constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data. Lithos, 119, 457–466.
Bleeker, W. (2003). The late Archean record: a puzzle in ca. 35 pieces. Lithos, 71, 99–134.
Bowring, S., & Housh, T. (1995). The earth’s early evolution. Science, 269, 1535–1540.
Cawood, P. A., Hawkesworth, C. J., & Dhuime, B. (2013). The continental record and the generation of continental crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 125, 14–32.
Condie, K. C., Belousova, E., Griffin, W. L., & Sircombe, K. N. (2009a). Granitoid events in space and time: Constraints from igneous and detrital zircon age spectra. Gondwana Research, 15, 228–242.
Condie, K. C., O’Neill, C., & Aster, R. C. (2009b). Evidence and implications for a widespread magmatic shutdown for 250 My on earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 282, 294–298.
Condie, K. C., & Aster, R. C. (2010). Episodic zircon age spectra of orogenic granitoids: The supercontinent connection and continental growth. Precambrian Research, 180, 227–236.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., Lin, C.-L., Wang, H.-L. (2010a). LA-(MC)-ICPMS U-Pb zircon geochronology and Lu-Hf isotope compositions of the Taihua complex on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55, 2557–2571.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., Dong, Z.-C., Wang, H.-L., Chen, D.-L., Chen, L., et al. (2010b). In situ U–Pb geochronology of Hadean zircon xenocryst (4.1 similar to 3.9 Ga) from the western of the Northern Qinling Orogenic Belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26, 1171–1174.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., Gao, J.-F., & Fan, L.-G. (2013a). Early Precambrian tectonothermal events of the North China Craton: Constraints from in situ detrital zircon U–Pb, Hf and O isotopic compositions in Tietonggou Formation. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58, 3760–3770.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., Guo, A.-L., Wang, H.-L., & Liu, X.-M. (2011). Crustal growth in the North China Craton at ~2.5 Ga: Evidence from in situ zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry of the Dengfeng complex. Gondwana Research, 20, 149–170.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., & Wang, Q. (2012a). The crustal growth and evolution of North China Craton: Revealed by Hf isotopes in detrital zircons from modern rivers. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28, 3520–3530.
Diwu, C., Sun, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, Q., Guo, A.-L., & Fan, L.-G. (2012b). Episodic tectonothermal events of the western North China Craton and North Qinling Orogenic Belt in Central China: Constraints from detrital zircon U–Pb ages. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 47, 107–122.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., Yuan, H.-L., Wang, H.-L., Zhong, X.-P., & Liu, X.-M. (2008). U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes for detrital zircons from quartzite in the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton. Chinese Science Bulletin, 53, 2828–2839.
Diwu, C.-R., Sun, Y., Wilde, S. A., Wang, H.-L., Dong, Z.-C., Zhang, H., & Wang, Q. (2013b). New evidence for ~4.45 Ga terrestrial crust from zircon xenocrysts in Ordovician ignimbrite in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt. China. Gondwana Research, 23, 1484–1490.
Diwu, C., Sun, Y., Zhao, Y., & Lai, S.-C. (2014). Early Paleoproterozoic (2.45–2.20 Ga) magmatic activity during the period of global magmatic shutdown: Implications for the crustal evolution of the southern North China Craton. Precambrian Research 255. Part, 2, 627–640.
Dong, Y.-P., Zhang, G.-W., Neubauer, F., Liu, X.-M., Genser, J., & Hauzenberger, C. (2011). Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, China: Review and synthesis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 41, 213–237.
Geng, Y.-S., Du, L.-L., & Ren, L.-D. (2012). Growth and reworking of the early Precambrian continental crust in the North China Craton: Constraints from zircon Hf isotopes. Gondwana Research, 21, 517–529.
Guo, A.-L. (1987). The Angou group greenstone belt of early Proterozoic and its tectonic environment in the Jishan of central Henan, China. Journal of Northwest University, 24, 18–28.
Guo, A.-L. (1988). Relationships between the TTG gneisses and the greenstone belt in the Archean Dengfeng granite-greenstone terrane, Central Henan and their implications for crustal evolution. Geology Review, 34, 123–131.
Guo, A.-L. (1989). Archean grey gneisses on the southern margin of the north China Craton and their genesis. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 9, 18–28.
Guo, L.-S., Liu, S.-W., Liu, Y.-L., Tian, W., Yu, S.-Q., Li, Q.-G., & Lü, Y.-J. (2008). Zircon Hf isotopic features of TTG gneisses and formation environment of Precambrian Sushui complex in Zhongtiao mountains. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24, 139–148.
Guo, A.-L., & Zhou, D.-W. (1990). Dengfeng archean granite-greenstone terrane in Central Henan province. Henan Geology, 8, 31–37.
Hawkesworth, C., Cawood, P., & Dhuime, B. (2013). Continental growth and the crustal record. Tectonophysics, 609, 651–660.
Hawkesworth, C. J., Dhuime, B., Pietranik, A. B., Cawood, P. A., Kemp, A. I. S., & Storey, C. D. (2010). The generation and evolution of the continental crust. Journal of the Geological Society, 167, 229–248.
He, Y.-H., Sun, Y., Chen, L., Li, H.-P., Yuan, H.-L., & Liu, X.-M. (2005). Zircon U–Pb chronology of Longshan complex by LA-ICP-MS and its geological significance. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 21, 125–134.
Huang, X.-L., Niu, Y.-L., Xu, Y.-G., Yang, Q.-J., & Zhong, J.-W. (2010). Geochemistry of TTG and TTG-like gneisses from Lushan-Taihua complex in the southern North China Craton: Implications for late Archean crustal accretion. Precambrian Research, 182, 43–56.
Huang, X.-L., Wilde, S. A., Yang, Q.-J., & Zhong, J.-W. (2012). Geochronology and petrogenesis of gray gneisses from the Taihua Complex at Xiong’er in the southern segment of the Trans-North China Orogen: Implications for tectonic transformation in the Early Paleoproterozoic. Lithos, 134–135, 236–252.
Huang, X.-L., Wilde, S. A., & Zhong, J.-W. (2013). Episodic crustal growth in the southern segment of the Trans-North China Orogen across the Archean-Proterozoic boundary. Precambrian Research, 233, 337–357.
Kemp, A. I. S., & Hawkesworth, C. J. (2014). 4.11 - Growth and Differentiation of the Continental Crust from Isotope Studies of Accessory Minerals. In H. D. H. K. Turekian (Ed.), Treatise on geochemistry (second edition) (pp. 379–421). Oxford: Elsevier.
Kröner, A., Compston, W., Guo-wei, Z., An-lin, G., & Todt, W. (1988). Age and tectonic setting of Late Archean greenstone-gneiss terrain in Henan Province, China, as revealed by single-grain zircon dating. Geology, 16, 211–215.
Kröner, A., Kovach, V., Belousova, E., Hegner, E., Armstrong, R., Dolgopolova, A., Seltmann, R., Alexeiev, D.V., Hoffmann, J.E., Wong, J., Sun, M., Cai, K., Wang, T., Tong, Y., Wilde, S.A., Degtyarev, K.E., Rytsk, E. (2013). Reassessment of continental growth during the accretionary history of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Gondwana Research.
Laurent, O., Martin, H., Moyen, J. F., & Doucelance, R. (2014). The diversity and evolution of late-Archean granitoids: Evidence for the onset of “modern-style” plate tectonics between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga. Lithos, 205, 208–235.
Liu, D. Y., Nutman, A. P., Compston, W., Wu, J. S., & Shen, Q. H. (1992). Remnants of ≥ 3800 Ma crust in the Chinese part of the Sino-Korean craton. Geology, 20, 339–342.
Liu, D.-Y., Wilde, S. A., Wan, Y.-S., Wu, J.-S., Zhou, H.-Y., Dong, C.-Y., & Yin, X.-Y. (2008). New U-Pb and Hf isotopic data confirm Anshan as the oldest preserved segment of the North China Craton. American Journal of Science, 308, 200–231.
Liu, D.-Y., Wilde, S. A., Wan, Y.-S., Wang, S.-Y., Valley, J. W., Kita, N., et al. (2009a). Combined U-Pb, hafnium and oxygen isotope analysis of zircons from meta-igneous rocks in the southern North China Craton reveal multiple events in the Late Mesoarchean-Early Neoarchean. Chemical Geology, 261, 140–154.
Liu, F., Guo, J.-H., Lu, X.-P., & Diwu, C.-R. (2009b). Crustal growth at similar to 2.5 Ga in the North China Craton: evidence from whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes in the Huai’an gneiss terrane. Chinese Science Bulletin, 54, 4704–4713.
Ma, X.-Y. (1957). On the Pre-cambrian stratigraphy of the Sungshan area, Honan, and the problems of its correlation. Acta Geologica Sinica, 37(1), 11–32.
Rudnick, R. L., & Gao, S. (2014). 4.1. composition of the continental crust. In H. D. H. K. Turekian (Ed.), Treatise on geochemistry (second edition) (pp. 1–51). Oxford: Elsevier.
Scherer, E. E., Whitehouse, M. J., & Münker, C. (2007). Zircon as a monitor of crustal growth. Elements, 3, 19–24.
Sun, Y. (1982). Polymetamorphism of the Taihua Group at the Lushan, Henan. Journal of Northwest University,, 44–65 (Special Issue for Precambrian Geology).
Sun, Y. (1983). Rocks in the granulite facie of the Taihua Group at Lushan, Henan. Journal of Northwest University, 1, 92–98.
Sun, D.-Z., & Hu, W. (1993). The Geochronological Framework and Crustal Structures of Precambrian Basement in the Zhongtiaoshan Area (pp. 108–117). Beijing: Geological Publishing House.
Sun, Y., Yu, Z.-P., & Alfred, K. (1994). Geochemistry and single zircon geochronology of Archaean TTG gneisses in the Taihua high-grade terrain, Lushan area, central China. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 10, 227–233.
Sun, D.-Z., Hu, W.-X., Tang, M., Zhao, F.-Q., & Condie, K. C. (1990). Geochemistry and mineralization of Proterozoic Mobile Belts Origin of Late Archean and Early Proterozoic rocks and associated mineral deposits from the Zhongtiao Mountains, east-central China. Precambrian Research, 47, 287–306.
Tian, W., Liu, S.-W., Liu, C.-H., Yu, S.-Q., Li, Q.-G., & Wang, Y.-R. (2006). Zircon SHRIMP geochronology and geochemistry of TTG rocks in Sushui Complex from Zhongtiao Mountains with its geological implications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 16, 492–500.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Song, B., Wu, J.-S., Yang, C.-H., & Zhang, Z.-Q. (2005). Geochemical and Nd isotopic compositions of 3.8 Ga meta-quartz dioritic and trondhjemitic rocks from the Anshan area and their geological significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24, 563–575.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Wang, S.-Y., Zhao, Y., Dong, C.-Y., Zhou, H.-Y., et al. (2009a). Early Precambrian crustal evolution in the Dengfeng area, Henan province (eastern China): constraints from geochemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating. Acta Geologica Sinica, 7, 982–999.
Wan, Y.-S., Dong, C.-Y., Wang, W., Xie, H.-Q., & Liu, D.-Y. (2010). Archean Basement and a Paleoproterozoic Collision Orogen in the Huoqiu Area at the Southeastern Margin of North China Craton: Evidence from sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb Zircon Geochronology. Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition, 84, 91–104.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Dong, C.-Y., Nutman, A., Wang, W., & Xie, H.-Q. (2009b). The oldest rocks and zircons in China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25, 1793–1807.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Dong, C.-Y., Xie, H.-Q., Kröner, A., Ma, M.-Z., Liu, S.-J., Xie, S.-W., Ren, P. (2015). Formation and evolution of archean continental crust of the North China Craton. In M. Zhai (Ed.), Precambrian Geology of China (pp. 59–136). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Nutman, A., Zhou, H.-Y., Dong, C.-Y., Yin, X.-Y., & Ma, M.-Z. (2012). Multiple 3.8–3.1 Ga tectono-magmatic events in a newly discovered area of ancient rocks (the Shengousi Complex), Anshan, North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 54–55, 18–30.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Wang, W., Song, T.-R., Kroener, A., Dong, C.-X., et al. (2011b). Provenance of Meso-to Neoproterozoic cover sediments at the Ming Tombs, Beijing, North China Craton: An integrated study of U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic measurement of detrital zircons and whole-rock geochemistry. Gondwana Research, 20, 219–242.
Wan, Y.-S., Liu, D.-Y., Wang, S.-J., Yang, E.-X., Wang, W., Dong, C.-Y., et al. (2011a). ∼2.7 Ga juvenile crust formation in the North China Craton (Taishan-Xintai area, western Shandong Province): Further evidence of an understated event from U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic composition of zircon. Precambrian Research, 186, 169–180.
Wan, Y.-S., Song, B., Liu, D.-Y., Wilde, S.-A., Wu, J.-S., Shi, Y.-R., Yin, X.-Y., Zhou, H.-Y. (2006). SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of palaeoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the North China Craton: Evidence for a major late palaeoproterozoic tectonothermal event. Precambrian Research, 149, 249–271.
Wan, Y.-S., Xie, S.-W., Yang, C.-H., Kröner, A., Ma, M.-Z., Dong, C.-H., et al. (2014). Early Neoarchean (∼ 2.7 Ga) tectono-thermal events in the North China Craton: A synthesis. Precambrian Research, 247, 45–63.
Wang, H.-L., Chen, L., Sun, Y., & Diwu, C.-R. (2007). Similar to 4.1 Ga xenocrystal zircon from Ordovician volcanic rocks in western part of North Qinling Orogenic Belt. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52, 3002–3010.
Wang, Q.-Y., Zheng, J.-P., Pan, Y., Dong, Y.-M., Liao, F.-X., Zhang, Y., et al. (2014). Archean crustal evolution in the southeastern North China Craton: New data from the Huoqiu Complex. Precambrian Research, 255, 294–315.
Wang, Z.-J., Shen, Q.-H., & Jin, S.-W. (1987). Petrology, geochemistry and U-Pb isotopic dating of Shipaihe “metadiorite mass” in Dengfeng country, Henan province, China. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Geological Scince, 16, 215–225.
Wang, Z.-J., Shen, Q.-H., & Wan, Y.-S. (2004). SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Shipaihe “metadiorite mass” from Dengfeng country, Henan province. Acta Geoscience Sinica, 25(3), 295–298.
Wu, F.-Y., Zhang, Y.-B., Yang, J.-H., Xie, L.-W., & Yang, Y.-H. (2008). Zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic constraints on the Early Archean crustal evolution in Anshan of the North China Craton. Precambrian Research, 167, 339–362.
Wu, F.-Y., Zhao, G.-C., Wilde, S. A., & Sun, D.-Y. (2005). Nd isotopic constraints on crustal formation in the North China Craton. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24, 523–545.
Yang, C.-H., Du, L.-L., Ren, L.-D., Wan, Y.-S., Song, H.-X., Yuan, Z.-L., & Wang, S.-Y. (2009). SHRIMP U-Pb ages and stratigraphic correlation of the Angou Group on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25, 1853–1862.
Yu, X.-Q., Liu, J.-L., Li, C.-L., Chen, S.-Q., & Dai, Y.-P. (2013). Zircon U Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis on the Taihua Complex: Constraints on the formation and evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Precambrian Research, 230, 31–44.
Zhai, M.-G., Guo, J.-H., Li, Y.-G., Liu, W.-J., Peng, P., & Shi, X. (2003). Two linear granite belts in the central-western North China Craton and their implication for Late Neoarchaean-Palaeoproterozoic continental evolution. Precambrian Research, 127, 267–283.
Zhai, M.-G. (2011). Cratonization and the Ancient North China Continent: A summary and review. Science China-Earth Sciences, 54, 1110–1120.
Zhai, M.-G., & Santosh, M. (2011). The early Precambrian odyssey of the North China Craton: A synoptic overview. Gondwana Research, 20, 6–25.
Zhai, M., & Santosh, M. (2013). Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth. Gondwana Research, 24, 275–297.
Zhang, R.-Y. (2015). The composition and evolution of the Sushui complex in the Zhongtiao Mountains, the south of North China Craton (pp. 1–160) (Ph.D. Thesis of Northwest University).
Zhang, G.-W., Bai, Y.-B., Sun, Y., Guo, A.-L., Zhou, D.-W., & Li, T.-H. (1985). Composition and evolution of the archaean crust in central Henan, China. Precambrian Research, 27, 7–35.
Zhang, R.-Y., Zhang, C.-L., Diwu, C.-R., & Sun, Y. (2012). Zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry and its geological implications for the Precambrian granitoids in Zhongtiao Mountain, Shanxi Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28, 3559–3573.
Zhang, G.-W., Zhang, B., Yuan, X., & Xiao, Q. (2001). The Qinling Orogenic Belt and continental dynamics (pp. 1–855). Beijing: Science Press.
Zhang, G.-W., Zhou, D.-W., Zhang, T.-A., Bai, Y.-B. (1982). Correlation of tectonic sequence of Dengfeng Group with Taihua group in cental part of Henan. Journal of Northwest University (Special Issue for Precambrian Geology), 1–10.
Zhao, G.-C. (2014). Chapter 2-Archean geology of the Eastern block. In G. Zhao (Ed.), Precambrian evolution of the North China Craton (pp. 15–69). Boston: Elsevier.
Zhao, G.-C., Sun, M., Wilde, S.-A.., Li, S.-Z. (2005). Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: key issues revisited. Precambrian Research, 136, 177–202.
Zheng, Y.-F., Chen, R.-X., Zhang, S.-B., Tang, J., Zhao, Z.-F., & Wu, Y.-B. (2007b). Zircon Lu-Hf isotope study of ultrahigh-pressure eclogite and granitic gneiss in the Dabie orogen. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23, 317–330.
Zheng, Y.-F., Zhang, S.-B., Zhao, Z.-F., Wu, Y.-B., Li, X.-H., Li, Z.-X., & Wu, F.-Y. (2007a). Contrasting zircon Hf and O isotopes in the two episodes of Neoproterozoic granitoids in South China: Implications for growth and reworking of continental crust. Lithos, 96, 127–150.
Zhou, Y.-Y., Zhao, T.-P., Xue, L.-W., Wang, S.-Y., & Gao, J.-F. (2009). Petrological, geochemical and chronological constraints for the origin and geological significance of Neoarchean TTG gneiss in the Songshan area, North China Craton. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25, 331–347.
Zhou, Y.-Y., Zhao, T.-P., Wang, Christina Yan, & Hu, G.-H. (2011). Geochronology and geochemistry of 2.5 to 2.4 Ga granitic plutons from the southern margin of the North China Craton: Implications for a tectonic transition from arc to post-collisional setting. Gondwana Research, 20, 171–183.
Zhu, X.-Y., Zhai, M.-G., Chen, F.-K., Lyu, B., Wang, W., Peng, P., & Hu, B. (2013). ~2.7-Ga crustal growth in the North China Craton: Evidence from zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of the Sushui complex in the Zhongtiao terrane. Journal of Geology, 121, 239–254.
Acknowledgments
Diwu thank Prof. Yusheng Wan and Taiping Zhao for their helpful and constructive comments. This study was supported financially by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program; grant No. 2012CB416606), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; grant No. 41421002, 41272004), and MOST Special Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Diwu, C., Zhang, C., Sun, Y. (2016). Archean Continental Crust in the Southern North China Craton. In: Zhai, M., Zhao, Y., Zhao, T. (eds) Main Tectonic Events and Metallogeny of the North China Craton. Springer Geology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1064-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1064-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1063-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1064-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)