Abstract
Precise point positioning (PPP) is a powerful technique to achieve homogeneous positioning accuracy globally and is becoming the dominating service for precise positioning. Typically, PPP still takes about 30 min of initialisation time to obtain a converged solution of better than 10 cm. In order to shorten the initialization time, integer ambiguity fixing approaches for PPP (PPP-AR) have been developed in the recent years. In most of the existing ambiguity resolution approaches, ionosphere-free observation models are used and therefore they are restricted by the noise of range observations and the short wavelength of the narrow-lane ambiguities as well. However, with the GNSS modernization, a unified processing strategy without forming combinations and differencing is more appealing. In this work, we apply this new approach in uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation and zero-difference (ZD) AR and compare it with the traditional model. The satellite UPDs associated with ionosphere-free model and raw observation model are first estimated from a global distributed GNSS network. 70 stations tracking both GPS and Beidou (BDS) are used in positioning validation. The potential contribution of BDS is also investigated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Collins P, Lahaye F, Heroux P, Bisnath S (2008) Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution using the decoupled clock model. In: Proceedings of the 21st international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2008), pp 1315–1322
Ge M, Gendt G, Rothacher M, Shi C, Liu J (2008) Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in precise point positioning (PPP) with daily observations. J Geodesy 82:389–399
Geng J, Meng X, Dodson A, Teferle F (2010) Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning: method comparison. J Geodesy 84:569–581
Geng J, Teferle FN, Meng X, Dodson AH (2011) Towards PPP-RTK: ambiguity resolution in real-time precise point positioning. Adv Space Res 47:1664–1673
Geng J, Teferle FN, Shi C, Meng X, Dodson AH, Liu J (2009) Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data. GPS Solutions 13:263–270
Gu S, Shi C, Lou Y, Liu J (2015) Ionospheric effects in uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixed PPP based on raw observable model. J Geodesy 1–11
Kouba J, Héroux P (2001) Precise point positioning using IGS orbit and clock products. GPS Solutions 5:12–28
Laurichesse D, Mercier F, Berthias J-P, Broca P, Cerri L (2009) Integer ambiguity resolution on undifferenced GPS phase measurements and its application to PPP and satellite precise orbit determination. J Inst Navig 56:135
Li P, Zhang X (2015) Precise point positioning with partial ambiguity fixing. Sensors 15:13627
Li P, Zhang X, Ren X, Zuo X, Pan Y (2015) Generating GPS satellite fractional cycle bias for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning. GPS Solutions 1–12
Li X (2012) Improving real-time PPP ambiguity resolution with ionospheric characteristic consideration. In: Proceedings of the 25th international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2012). Nashville, TN, pp 3027–3037
Li X, Ge M, Zhang H, Wickert J (2013) A method for improving uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixing in real-time precise point positioning. J Geodesy 87:405–416
Li X, Zhang X (2012) Improving the estimation of uncalibrated fractional phase offsets for PPP ambiguity resolution. J Navig 65:513–529
Melbourne WG (1985) The case for ranging in GPS-based geodetic systems. In: Proceedings of the first international symposium on precise positioning with the global positioning system
Shi J (2012) Precise point positioning integer ambiguity resolution with decoupled clocks. Dissertation, University of Calgary
Shi J, Gao Y (2010) Analysis of the integer property of ambiguity and characteristics of code and phase clocks in PPP using a decoupled clock model. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS 2010), pp 2553–2564
Teunissen PJG (1995) The least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment: a method for fast GPS integer ambiguity estimation. J Geodesy 70:65–82
Wübbena G (1985) Software developments for geodetic positioning with GPS using TI-4100 code and carrier measurements. In: Proceedings of the first international symposium on precise positioning with the global positioning system. sl]:[sn]
Zumberge JF, Heflin MB, Jefferson DC, Watkins MM, Webb FH (1997) Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 102:5005–5017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhou, P., Wang, J. (2016). Evaluating PPP Ambiguity Resolution Methods with Ionosphere-Free and Raw GPS Observation Models. In: Sun, J., Liu, J., Fan, S., Wang, F. (eds) China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2016 Proceedings: Volume III. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 390. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0940-2_46
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0940-2_46
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0939-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0940-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)