Skip to main content

Underwater Archaeology of the San Diego a 1600 Spanish Galleon in the Philippines

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Early Navigation in the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract

The discovery and underwater archaeological excavation, conducted jointly by the National Museum of the Philippines and a French outfit World Wide First (WWF) from 1991–93, on the Spanish Galleon San Diego, which sunk on 14 December 1600, offshore Fortune Island, Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines, has brought to light some of possible historical mistakes which were committed in the past and for the first time gave archaeologists to look at the volume of material cultural remains it contained. The trade ceramics particularly have been interesting since most of the recovery of these items were mainly complete pieces of “kraak” and “swatow” wares of the Wanli period (1573–1619) of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). A number of trade jars from Burma, China, Thailand and Spain were also recovered. Earthenware materials both from the New World and also those that were produced locally were quite unusual. The San Diego wrecksite was like a time capsule with all the artifacts from the Philippines, China, Southeast Asia, Japan, Spain, Peru and Mexico put together in one underwater site.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alba, L. A. (1993) A preliminary survey of the storage jars. In Saga of the San Diego (A.D. 1600). Concerned Citizens of the National Museum, Inc. Vera-Reyes, Inc. Philippines. pp. 43–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alba, L., Conese E. T., & Secuya V. (1993) Fortune Island underwater archaeological excavations: A 2nd preliminary report; unpublished paper at the record section of the archaeology division, National Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, H. O. (1946) Manila ware. Museum and Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of the Philippines Bulletin No. 1. Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, H. O., & De Veyra, J. C. (1947). Philippine saga: A pictorial history of the Archipelago since tie began. Manila, Philippines: The Philippine Evening News.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blair, E. H., & Robertson J. A. (1903–1909) The Philippine islands, 1493–1898. vol. 11, 13 and 15. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chirino, P. (S. J.) (1969) Relacion de las Islas Filipinas. The Philippines in 1600. Manila: Historical Conservation Society XV.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J. S. (Editor and Translator) (1971) Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga, 1559–1636. London: Hakluyt Society at the University Press, Second Series No. 140.

    Google Scholar 

  • De la Torre, A. A. (1993) Potteries of the period. In Saga of the San Diego (A.D. 1600) (pp. 31–37). Philippines: Concerned Citizens of the National Museum, Inc. Vera-Reyes, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dizon, E. Z. (1992) Report on the underwater archaeological activities in the philippines from 1991 to mid-1992; unpublished paper presented at the SPAFA Consultative Workshop on Underwater Archaeological Research (S-W 141) held in Jakarta, Carita, and Serang, Indonesia from 29 June to 5 July 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dizon, E. Z. (1993) War at sea: Piecing together the San Diego puzzle. In Saga of the San Diego (A.D. 1600) (pp. 21–26). Philippines: Concerned Citizens of the National Museum, Inc. Vera-Reyes, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrich, R. W. (1965) Ceramics and man: A cultural perspective. In F. R. Matson (Ed.) Ceramics and Man. USA: Viking Fund Publication in Anthropology No. 41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddio, F., & Kristof, E. (1994). The tale of the San Diego. National Geographic, 186(1), 34–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • L’ Hour, M. (1996). Naval construction: A makeshift galleon. In J.-P. Desroches et al. (Eds.) Treasures of the San Diego. New York: Association Française d’Action Aristique and Fondation Elf, Paris, and Elf Aquitaine International Foundation, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Main, D., & Fox R. B. (1982) The Calatagan earthenwares: A description of pottery complexes excavated in Batangas Province, Philippines. Philippines: National Museum (Monograph No. 5. Manila).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolas, N. C., & Conese, E. T. (1991). A report on the archaeological survey off Fortune Island. National Museum: Unpublished paper at the Record Section of the Archaeology Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizal, J. (1990) Historical events of the Philippine Islands by Dr. Antonio De Morga, published in Mexico in 1609 recently brought to light and annotated by Dr. Jose Rizal. Writings of Jose Rizal, vol. VI. Manila: National Historical Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronquillo, W. P. (1993) The archaeology of the San Diego; A summary of the activities from 1991–1993. In Saga of the San Diego (A.D. 1600) (pp. 13–20). Philippines: Concerned Citizens of the National Museum, Inc. Vera-Reyes, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salcedo, C. G. (1993) The ceramic cargo. In Saga of the San Diego (A.D. 1600) (pp. 29–30). Philippines: Concerned Citizens of the National Museum, Inc. Vera-Reyes, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, H. E. J. (Editor and Translator) (1868) The Philippine Islands, Moluccas, Siam, Cambodia, Japan, and China, at the close of the sixteenth century. New York: Burt Franklin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaide, G. F. (1990). Documentary sources of Philippine history (Vol. 3). Manila: National Book Store.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eusebio Z. Dizon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dizon, E.Z. (2016). Underwater Archaeology of the San Diego a 1600 Spanish Galleon in the Philippines. In: Wu, C. (eds) Early Navigation in the Asia-Pacific Region. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0904-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0904-4_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0903-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0904-4

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics