Similar Story, Different Angles? A Comparative Study of ‘Hard News’ Texts in the Malay and English Print Media in Brunei Darussalam

Abstract

In this chapter we compare texts from two Brunei Darussalam newspapers , the English-language Borneo Bulletin and the Malay-language Media Permata . The comparative focus is on ‘hard news’ texts: reports of current events that are considered newsworthy. We use a modified Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework to analyse the texts as product, investigating which aspects and actors are given prominence, e.g. through topicalisation , and whether there are differences in prominence and topicalisation between the English and Malay texts. The initial comparison of reports covering the same story in Malay and English sheds light on whether any translation occurs in the process of preparing the reports for publication, as well as on editorial decisions about what to include and what to leave out of the Malay and English texts. In order to achieve a measure of triangulation, we also present findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with journalists and editors of the two newspapers.

Appendices

Appendix A

Text 1A	Text 1B
Tajuk: Brunei-Korea perkukuh hubungan	Title: Sultan hails strong energy cooperation with Korea
Posted date: December 10, 2014	December 10, 2014
(1) SEOUL, Republik Korea, 9 Dis—Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah, Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam memulakan Keberangkatan Negara selama tiga hari ke Republik Korea ke arah memperkukuhkan lagi hubungan dan kerjasama rapat yang sedia terjalin antara kedua-dua buah negara	(1) His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam lauded the strong energy partnership between Brunei Darussalam and Korea spanning over the past 20 years, as energy cooperation remains the core of economic engagement between both countries
(2) Bertitah pada Majlis Santap Malam Negara yang berlangsung di Bangunan Yeong Bin Gwan, Cheong Wa Dae, Seoul malam ini, Baginda Sultan menekankan bahawa Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea telah menikmati kemajuan yang berterusan dalam kerjasama dua hala yang meliputi pelbagai bidang termasuklah tenaga, pendidikan, pertanian dan perhubungan di antara rakyat kedua buah negara	(2) His Majesty expressed his pleasure that the LNG contract between the countries has been extended until 2018
(3) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia sangat gembira melihat Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea mengukuhkan lagi pencapaian yang sedia ada dengan penandatanganan tiga perjanjian semasa Keberangkatan Negara ini	(3) The monarch was delivering a titah at a State Banquet hosted by Park Geun-hye, President of the Republic of Korea, in conjunction with the State Visit of His Majesty from December 8–10
(4) Baginda bertitah melahirkan keyakinan bahawa hubungan dua hala di antara Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea akan bertambah-tambah kukuh untuk manfaat bersama bagi rakyat Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea	(4) The State Banquet was held at the Yeong Bin Gwan Hall, Cheong Wa Dae, Seoul
(5) Majlis Santap Malam Negara tersebut dihoskan oleh Presiden Republik Korea Puan Yang Terutama Park Geun-hye	(5) His Majesty was greeted on arrival at the Cheong Wa Dae by the President of the Republic of Korea. Before the State Banquet commenced, President Park was introduced to Brunei Darussalam’s delegation followed by His Majesty to the special guests of President Park (photo: His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam and President of the Republic of Korea, Park Geun-hye, share a light moment during the signing of an agreement to avoid double taxation.—PHOTOS: INFOFOTO) (photo: His Majesty shakes hands with Korean President Park Geun-hye) (photo: His Majesty delivers the titah) (photo: His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam inspects a royal guard of honour at the Yeong Bin Gwan Hall, Cheong Wa Dae, Seoul) (photo: His Majesty and President Park Guen-hye witnessing the signing of the Agreement and Memoranda of Understanding. Signing on behalf of the Government of His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam was Pehin Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abdul Rahman, Minister of Finance II at the Prime Minister’s Office) (photo: His Majesty during the bilateral meeting with Korean President Park and their respective delegations)
(6) Keberangkatan tiba Baginda di Cheong Wa Dae dialu-alukan oleh Puan Yang Terutama Park Geun-hye, Presiden Republik Korea	(6) The State Banquet began with the national anthem of both countries. President Park delivered an address welcoming His Majesty on the occasion of His Majesty’s State Visit to the Republic of Korea
(7) Sebelum Majlis Santap Malam Negara dimulakan, Puan Yang Terutama Presiden Republik Korea diperkenalkan kepada delegasi Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kemudiannya, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia disembah-kenalkan kepada tetamu-tetamu khas Puan Yang Terutama Presiden Republik Korea (gambar: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia semasa berkenan mengurniakan titah. – Gambar Infofoto) (gambar: Presiden Park Geun-hye menyembahkan ucapan bagi mengalu-alukan keberangkatan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia bagi Keberangkatan Negara ke Republik Korea. – Infofoto) (gambar: Baginda Sultan berkenan berangkat menghadiri Majlis Santap Malam Negara yang dihoskan oleh Presiden Park Geun-hye. – Infofoto) (gambar: Baginda Sultan berkenan disembah-kenalkan kepada tetamu-tetamu khas Puan Yang Terutama Presiden Republik Korea . – Infofoto)	(7) In the titah, His Majesty said Brunei values Korea’s assistance in the construction of vessels for Brunei’s LNG consignments and is ready to continue working closely with Korea to further enhance the long-standing cooperation in this area
(8) Majlis Santap Malam Negara tersebut telah dimulakan dengan Lagu Kebangsaan kedua-dua buah negara	(8) His Majesty acknowledged Brunei and Korea have enjoyed steady progress in bilateral cooperation that extends to many areas including energy, education, agriculture and people-to-people exchanges
(9) Ini diikuti dengan ucapan Presiden Park Geun-hye sebagai mengalu-alukan keberangkatan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia bagi Keberangkatan Negara ke Republik Korea	(9) His Majesty was most heartened to see Brunei and Korea building on these existing achievements by signing three agreements during this visit. His Majesty expressed his confidence that the bilateral ties will continue to prosper for the mutual benefit of the peoples of Brunei and Korea
(10) Dalam titah, Baginda mula-mula melahirkan penghargaan yang mendalam kepada Puan YangTerutama Park Geun-hye, Kerajaan dan rakyat Republik Korea atas layanan yang baik kepada Baginda dan rombongan	(10) His Majesty also said Brunei appreciates Korea’s continued efforts to promote youth exchanges, particularly through the Brunei-Korea Youth Exchange Programme. The people of Brunei, especially the younger generation, have developed a keen interest in the Korean language, food and culture, which has created strong bonds of friendship and understanding between the peoples
(11) Baginda juga melahirkan kegembiraan kerana dapat sekali lagi berangkat melawat Republik Korea	(11) At the same time, Brunei and Korea are also making great strides through the close partnership in the field of e-government, where Korea’s assistance and expertise in developing Brunei Darussalam’s ICT has been invaluable
(12) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia bertitah memaklumi bahawa Republik Korea telah mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang begitu pesat sejak beberapa dekad yang lalu	(12) Brunei also appreciates the contributions of Korean companies in Brunei’s development efforts and continues to warmly welcome them to the Sultanate, His Majesty further added
(13) Pada hari ini Republik Korea terkenal sebagai sebuah ekonomi terkemuka dengan industri bertaraf dunia, serta dikenali dalam kemajuan teknologi. Segala pencapaian ini merupakan inspirasi kepada banyak orang di merata dunia	(13) His Majesty noted Korea has achieved rapid economic growth over the past few decades. Today, Korea is widely regarded as a leading economy with world-class industries, well-known for their technological advancements. Korea’s achievements are an inspiration to many around the world
(14) Baginda seterusnya bertitah bahawa Negara Brunei Darussalam berharap untuk mempelajari dari pengalaman Republik Korea terutama dalam usaha Negara Brunei Darussalam mencapai Wawasannya pada tahun 2035	(14) His Majesty stated that Brunei hoped to learn much from Korea’s experience, especially as Brunei move towards 2035 in pursuit of Brunei Darussalam’s own development vision
(15) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia juga bertitah bahawa Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea telah menikmati kerjasama yang kukuh dalam bidang tenaga sejak 20 tahun yang lalu	(15) His Majesty noted that this year is a special occasion for relations between Asean and Korea , which now enters its 25th year of excellent cooperation and reaffirmed Brunei’s commitment to continue working closely to further enhance the Asean-Korea partnership
(16) Kerjasama tenaga masih kekal sebagai teras utama penglibatan ekonomi antara kedua buah negara dan Baginda melahirkan kegembiraan bahawa kontrak LNG telah dilanjutkan sehingga tahun 2018	(16) His Majesty looked forward to celebrating 25 years of Asean-Republic of Korea dialogue relations and wished President Park and Korea much success in hosting the Asean-Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit in Busan
(17) Brunei Darussalam juga menghargai bantuan Republik Korea dalam pembinaan kapal-kapal bagi pembekalan LNG, dan Negara Brunei Darussalam terus bersedia untuk bekerjasama rapat dengan Republik Korea bagi meningkatkan lagi kerjasama yang sudah lama terjalin dalam bidang ini, tambah Baginda	(17) In closing, His Majesty again thanked the president, the government and people of Korea for the friendship and goodwill that has been extended to Brunei and its people. His Majesty also looked forward to strengthening the warm and close friendship so happily enjoyed by the peoples of Brunei and Korea
(18) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia juga bertitah bahawa Negara Brunei Darussalam menghargai usaha-usaha berterusan Republik Korea untuk mempromosikan pertukaran belia khususnya melalui Program Pertukaran Belia Brunei-Korea	(18) Accompanying His Majesty at the State Banquet were Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abdul Rahman bin Haji Ibrahim, Minister of Finance II at the Prime Minister’s Office; Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa Dato Seri Setia Lim Jock Seng, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade II; and Pehin Datu Singamanteri Colonel (Rtd) Dato Seri Setia (Dr) Awang Haji Mohammad Yasmin bin Haji Umar, Minister of Energy at the Prime Minister’s Office
(19) Titah Baginda, rakyat Negara Brunei Darussalam, khususnya generasi muda, telah menaruh minat yang mendalam kepadabahasa, makanan dan budaya Republik Korea, yang mana telah mewujudkan hubungan persahabatan dan persefahaman yang kukuh diantara rakyat kedua buah negara
(20) Pada masa yang sama, Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea juga telah melangkah jauh melalui perkongsian yangrapat dalam bidang e-kerajaan, di mana bantuan dan kepakaran Republik Korea untuk memajukan bidang ICT di Negara Brunei Darussalam amatlah dihargai
(21) Negara Brunei Darussalam juga menghargai sumbangan syarikat-syarikat dari Republik Korea dalam usaha pembangunan Negara Brunei Darussalam dan terus mengalu-alukan mereka ke Negara Brunei Darussalam
(22) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia bertitah memaklumi bahawa tahun ini merupakan tahun yang istimewa bagi hubungan di antara ASEAN dan Republik Korea , yang sekarang memasuki 25 tahun kerjasama yang cemerlang, dan menyuarakan semula komitmen Negara Brunei Darussalam untuk terus bekerja rapat ke arah mempertingkatkan lagi perkongsian ASEAN-Republik Korea
(23) Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia bertitah mengalu-alukan sambutan 25 tahun hubungan dialog ASEAN-Republik Korea dan berharap semoga Puan Yang Terutama dan Republik Korea akan mencapai kejayaan menjadi Tuan Rumah Sidang Kemuncak Komemoratif ASEAN-Republik Korea di Busan
(24) Di akhir titah, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia sekali lagi menyampaikan penghargaan kepada Puan Yang Terutama, Kerajaan serta rakyat Republik Korea di atas persahabatan dan hubungan muhibah yang telah dihulurkan kepada rakyat dan Negara Brunei Darussalam
(25) Baginda juga berharap untuk mengukuhkan lagi persahabatan yang mesra dan rapat yang dinikmati oleh rakyat Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Republik Korea
(26) Mengiringi keberangkatan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam pada Majlis Santap Malam Negara tersebut ialah Menteri Kewangan II (Kedua) di Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Dato Seri Setia Haji Abd. Rahman bin Haji Ibrahim; Menteri Hal Ehwal Luar Negeri dan Perdagangan II (Kedua), Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa Dato Seri Setia Lim Jock Seng dan Menteri Tenaga di Jabatan Perdana Menteri Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Singamanteri Kolonel (Bersara) Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Haji Mohammad Yasmin bin Haji Umar

Text 2A	Text 2B
Tajuk: Berangkat tinggalkan Seoul	Title: Sultan leaves Seoul after State Visit
Posted date: December 11, 2014	December 11, 2014
(1) SEOUL, Republik Korea , 10 Dis – Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah, Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam berkenan berangkat meninggalkan Seoul, Republik Korea pagi ini setelah selesai menamatkan Keberangkatan Negara selama tiga hari mulai 8 hingga 10 Disember 2014	(1) HIS Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam yesterday morning consented to leave Seoul, Republic of Korea after concluding a 3-day State Visit from December 8–10, 2014
(2) Sebelum berangkat meninggalkan Hotel Grand Hyatt Seoul, Doa Selamat dibacakan oleh Mufti Kerajaan Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Seri Maharaja Dato Paduka Seri Setia (Dr.) Ustaz Haji Awang Abdul Aziz bin Juned	(2) Prior to leaving the Grand Hyatt Seoul Hotel, a Doa Selamat was read by Pehin Datu Seri Maharaja Dato Paduka Seri Setia (Dr) Ustaz Haji Awang Abdul Aziz bin Juned, the State Mufti
(3) Sejurus tiba di Pangkalan Udara Seoul, Seongnam, Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia berkenan melintasi Kawalan Kehormatan Statik yang dianggotai oleh 22 anggota Tentera Udara Republik Korea sebelum berangkat menaiki pesawat khas	(3) Upon arrival at the Seoul Air Base, Seongnam, His Majesty walked past a static guard mounted by 22 personnel from the Republic of Korea Air Force before boarding a royal aircraft
(4) Berada di Pangkalan Udara Seoul, Seongnam bagi menyembahkan selamat berangkat Kehadapan Majlis Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia ialah Timbalan Menteri bagi Hal Ehwal Ekonomi, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Luar Negeri Republik Korea, Ahn Chong-ghee; Ketua Pengarah bagi Hal Ehwal Protokol, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Luar Negeri Republik Korea, Lee Yong Soo; Duta Besar Republik Korea ke Negara Brunei Darussalam Tuan Yang Terutama Cho Won-myung dan Ketua Pangkalan Udara Republik Korea, Leftenan Jeneral Sung Hwan-ro serta para pegawai kanan Kerajaan Republik Korea (gambar: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia berkenan menerima mengadap beberapa orang mantan Duta Besar Republik Korea yang pernah berkhidmat di Negara Brunei Darussalam.) (gambar: Baginda Sultan melambai tangan sebelum berangkat meninggalkan Seoul, Republik Korea setelah mengakhiri Keberangkatan Negara selama tiga hari.) (gambar: Sebelum Baginda Sultan berangkat meninggalkan hotel Grand Hyatt, Seoul doa selamat dibacakan oleh Mufti Kerajaan. – Infofoto) (gambar: Ketua Pangkalan Udara Republik Korea Leftenan Jeneral Sung Hwan-ro juga menyembahkan selamat berangkat Kehadapan Majlis Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia. – Infofoto) (gambar: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia berkenan melintasi Kawalan Kehormatan Statik yang dianggotai oleh 22 anggota Tentera Udara Republik Korea sebelum berangkat menaiki pesawat khas. – Infofoto)	(4) Present at the Seoul Air Base to bid farewell to His Majesty were Ahn Chong-ghee, Deputy Minister for Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea; Lee Yong-soo, Director-General for Protocol Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea; Cho Won-myung, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Korea to Brunei Darussalam; Lieutenant General Sung Hwan-ro, Chief of Air Base of the Republic of Korea; and senior Korean government officers (photo: His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam is greeted by senior government officials before leaving Seoul.—INFOFOTO)
(5) Turut hadir bagi menyembahkan selamat berangkat Kehadapan Majlis Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia ialah Menteri Hal Ehwal Luar Negeri dan Perdagangan II (Kedua), Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa Dato Seri Setia Awang Lim Jock Seng; Menteri Tenaga di Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Singamanteri Kolonel (B) Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Awang Haji Mohammad Yasmin bin Haji Umar dan Duta Besar Negara Brunei Darussalam ke Republik Korea Tuan Yang Terutama Dato Paduka Awang Haji Harun bin Haji Ismail serta para pegawai Kedutaan Negara Brunei Darussalam di Republik Korea	(5) Also present to bid farewell to His Majesty were Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa Dato Seri Setia Lim Jock Seng, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade II; Pehin Datu Singamanteri Colonel (Rtd) Dato Seri Setia (Dr) Awang Haji Mohammad Yasmin bin Haji Umar, Minister of Energy at the Prime Minister’s Office; Dato Paduka Awang Haji Harun bin Haji Ismail, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Brunei Darussalam to the Republic of Korea ; and officers from the Embassy of Brunei Darussalam in Seoul
(6) Mengiringi keberangkatan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia ialah Menteri Kewangan II (Kedua) di Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abd. Rahman bin Haji Ibrahim	(6) Accompanying His Majesty was Pehin Orang Kaya Laila Setia Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abd Rahman bin Haji Ibrahim, Minister of Finance II at the Prime Minister’s Office
(7) Terdahulu, Baginda Sultan berkenan menerima mengadap beberapa orang mantan Duta Besar Republik Korea yang pernah berkhidmat di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Majlis Mengadap tersebut telah berlangsung di Hotel Grand Hyatt Seoul
(8) Mereka ialah Tuan Yang Terutama Choi Bae-shik; Tuan Yang Terutama Huh Se-lin; Tuan Yang Terutama Choi Kwang-shik; Tuan Yang Terutama Sa Boo-sung; Tuan Yang Terutama Kim Dae-sik; dan Tuan Yang Terutama Kim Woong-nam
(9) Turut hadir pada Majlis Mengadap tersebut ialah Yang Berhormat Pehin Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Abd. Rahman bin Haji Ibrahim; Yang Berhormat Pehin Dato Seri Setia Lim Jock Seng; Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Singamanteri Kolonel (Bersara) Dato Seri Setia (Dr.) Awang Haji Mohammad Yasmin bin Haji Umar dan Tuan Yang Terutama Dato Paduka Awang Haji Harun bin Haji Ismail

Text 3A	Text 3B
Tajuk: Pergaduhan di tengah jalan	Title: Police investigating cause behind scuffle
Posted date: December 10, 2014	December 10, 2014
Oleh Yusrin Junaidi	By: James Kon
(1) BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, 9 Dis – Pasukan Polis Diraja Brunei, baru-baru ini telah menerima panggilan kecemasan dari orang ramai mengenai pergaduhan di tengah-tengah jalan kawasan Jerudong, yang telah tersebar di media sosial WhatsApp dan Facebook	(1) THE Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) is investigating the cause of a scuffle, during which two locals, aged 32 and 36, were alleged to have been beaten up by a 38-year-old
(2) Kejadian yang berlaku pada 7 Disember lalu itu, melibatkan tiga orang dari sebuah keluarga, berusia 32 tahun, 36 tahun, dan 38 tahun, dan telah mengakibatkan kesesakan lalu lintas di kawasan jalan berdekatan masjid Jerudong	(2) The incident happened in the vicinity of the Jerudong Mosque last Sunday morning
(3) Pertengkaran keluarga ini masih disiasat dan punca sebenar juga masih dalam siasatan	(3) A picture of the scuffle had made its way onto the social media, showing a person who had been dragged onto the road
(4) Jika sabit kesalahan tertuduh boleh didakwa di bawah Seksyen 324 dan Seksyen 427 Kanun Hukuman Jenayah	(4) If found guilty, the accused will face punishment under Sect. 324, Chap. 427 under the penal code

Text 4A	Text 4B
Tajuk: Mayat wanita tempatan ditemui terapung	Title: Body of local woman found at Tutong beach
Posted date: December 08, 2014	December 08, 2014
Oleh Yusrin Junaidi	By Khal Baharulalam
(1) TUTONG, 7 Dis – Mayat seorang wanita tempatan berusia 48 tahun ditemui terapung di Pantai Seri Kenangan di sini kira-kira jam 2.45 petang ini	(1) THE body of a woman was discovered along the Seri Kenangan Beach yesterday afternoon by residents of the Tutong District. She was presumed to have drowned
(2) Mangsa dikenali sebagai Rohana Binti Haji Talip, 48 tahun dari Kampung Sengkarai, Tutong	(2) The Tutong District Police Station was informed and they immediately dispatched personnel to the scene
(3) Menurut polis, mereka menerima panggilan daripada orang ramai memaklumkan mengenai penemuan mayat tersebut	(3) They identified the victim as a 48-year-old local woman
(4) Mayat mangsa kemudiannya dibawa ke Hospital Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Al-Muhtadee Bollah, Tutong untuk dibedah siasat. Polis masih menjalankan siasatan lanjut berhubung kes itu dan hasil siasatan awal menunjukkan tiada sebarang perbuatan khianat	(4) There were speculations among the local communities as to how the victim had drowned after Whatsapp messages carrying the news went viral
	(5) However, the Royal Brunei Police Force in a statement said the cause of drowning is still under investigation, and added that there were no signs of foul play (photo: A WhatsApp image shows people watching police personnel securing the area)

Text 5A	Text 5B
Tajuk: Bengkel siasatan kemalangan udara berakhir	Title: DCA plans to set up independent Aircraft Accident Investigation unit
Posted date: December 11, 2014	December 11, 2014
Oleh Yusrin Junaidi	By: Khal Baharulalam
(1) BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN , 10 Dis – Bengkel tiga hari mngenai Penyiasatan Kemalangan dan Kejadian Pesawat anjuran bersama Jabatan Penerbangan Awam dan Biro Penyiasatan dan Kemalangan Udara Singapura, berakhir hari ini dengan majlis penyampaian sijil yang berlangsung di Bangunan Kementerian Perhubungan	(1) AS CONCERNS arise following challenges that recently surfaced in the aviation industry after a slew of global developments, the Brunei Department of Civil Aviation (DCA) is currently looking to set up an independent Aircraft Accident Investigation (AAI) unit, as a means to highlight the importance of aviation safety and aircraft accident investigations in the Sultanate
(2) Penyampaian sijil kepada seramai 30 peserta bengkel di majlis itu disempurnakan oleh Pemangku Pengarah Penerbangan Awam, Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Wahab	(2) This was shared by Acting Director of the DCA Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Wahab in an interview held during yesterday’s conclusion of the DCA’s AAI Workshop, which was jointly organised by the department with the Air Accident and Investigation Bureau of Singapore
(3) Dalam ucapannya, Haji Abdul Karim berharap dengan adanya bengkel ini, setiap agensi yang terlibat akan dapat menggunakan pengetahuan yang diperolehi dengan sebaik mungkin apabila pulang ke unit masing-masing	(3) The Acting Director, who attended the closing ceremony as guest of honour, elaborated that the initiative ‘is still in the pipeline’ adding that the inaugural AAI Workshop is only the beginning of the department’s efforts in enhancing aviation safety and investigation resources locally
(4) Para peserta bengkel berkenaan terdiri daripada wakil-wakil dari Jabatan Penerbangan Awam, pihak berkepentingan dan pengendali, serta pelbagai agensi kerajaan termasuk Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei, Pasukan Polis Diraja Brunei dan Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat (gambar: Antara yang hadir di majlis penutup di bengkel, kelmarin.) (gambar: Tetamu kehormat menyampaikan sijil kepada salah seorang anggota Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei yang menyertai bengkel berkenaan.)	(4) ‘We hope to form a unit that specialises in AAI—an independent body that reports directly to the minister,’ said Haji Abd Karim, noting that involvement of all stakeholders—including that of which under the Royal Brunei Police Force and the Royal Brunei Armed Forces—in the Brunei Aviation industry could make this goal a success in the near future (photo: The Acting Director of the DCA, Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Wahab) (photo: A section of the participants)
(5) Bengkel ini diadakan untuk membolehkan para peserta memahami punca-punca kemalangan pesawat dan kejadian, meningkatkan keselamatan dan mencegah kejadian di masa depan di samping memahami protokol antarabangsa bagi kemalangan pesawat dalam insiden penerbangan dan penyiasatan kejadian seperti menurut ‘Standard and Recommended Practices’ yang ditetapkan oleh Pertubuhan Penerbangan Awam Antarabangsa (ICAO)	(5) ‘In a way, with plans to continue conducting AAI workshops (such as this), our locals will have a certain degree of qualification to carry out certain AAI duties
(6) Bengkel ini juga memenuhi sebahagian daripada Memorandum Persefahaman (MoU) mengenai Kerjasama Penerbangan Awam di antara Negara Brunei Darussalam dan Singapura yang telah ditandatangani pada 27 November 2014 oleh Menteri Perhubungan Brunei Darussalam dan Menteri Pengangkutan Singapura	(6) It was explained that following the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Civil Aviation Cooperation between Brunei and Singapore recently, some DCA officers have been attached at the Air Accident and Investigation Bureau of Singapore for training, as part of realising the department’s goals
(7) Selain itu, ia juga merupakan salah satu daripada usaha berterusan jabatan berkenaan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam Lampiran 13 mengenai Penyiasatan Kemalangan Pesawat, iaitu program untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan	(7) The 3-day workshop was initiated to enable participants to further understand the underlying causes of aviation accidents and incidents, to improve safety and instigate early prevention of future occurrences—all of which are in line with the international protocol in aircraft accident and incident investigation as per the Standard and Recommended Practices laid down by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
	(8) Meanwhile, commenting on her participating experience of the 3-day workshop, Major Siti Khadijah binti Haji Emran of the Royal Brunei Air Force, agreed that the cooperative efforts in fostering competencies in aircraft safety would bode the aviation industry well in incorporating skills and expertise in AAI, particularly in the local framework
	(9) Yesterday’s ceremony also saw the presentation of certificates to some 30 participants from various government agencies, aviation stakeholders and operators

Text 6A	Text 6B
Tajuk: CRCC bida jambatan Temburong	Title: Chinese company bids for Temburong bridge project
8 Disember 2014	December 08, 2014
Oleh Sim Y.H.	By Aziz Idris in Beijing, China
(1) BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN, 7 Dis – Sebuah syarikat pembinaan terkemuka China mengesahkan menyertai tender bagi pembinaan Jambatan Temburong yang akan dibina tidak lama lagi	(1) THE proposed construction of a bridge linking Temburong and Brunei-Muara Districts across the Brunei Bay is not only a dream that will in a few years’ time become a reality for the people of Brunei, especially residents in Temburong District, but also a milestone achievement for the Ministry of Development as the mega project will become a new landmark in the Sultanate
(2) China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (CRCC), yang disenaraikan sebagai syarikat teratas dari 250 kontraktor global dalam laporan ENR bagi 2013 berkata mereka telah mengemukakan bidaan dan sebut harga tawaran bagi pembinaan jambatan berkenaan untuk semua pakej pembinaan yang dikeluarkan	(2) Bids for the construction of the mega project are being submitted; with various local and international contractors participating in the tender to build the bridge, which has been divided into several packages
(3) Pengerusi Lembaga Pengarah CRCC, Meng Fengchao semasa pertemuan dengan peserta pertukaran media Asia Tenggara di ibu pejabat CRCC, Beijing, Republik Rakyat China, baru-baru ini berkata, CRCC mempunyai pengalaman luas dalam pembinaan jambatan penghubung yang besar dan pelbagai reka bentuk di China	(3)The project has also received the attention of an international construction company with vast experience in building mega projects in and outside of China—the China Railway Construction Corporation Limited (CRCC)—which has also submitted its bid for the construction of the bridge
(4) Dengan kepakaran dan pengalaman pelaksanaan projek-projek pembinaan jambatan mega menerusi projek-projekyang dilaksanakan di China dan juga di seluruh dunia beliau yakin ia dapat diguna pakai dalam pembinaan jambatan penghubungan Temburong nanti (gambar: Meng Fenchao (tiga dari kanan_ dan Zhuo Lei (dua dari kanan) bercakap kepada media di ibu pejabat CRCC di Beijing baru-baru ini)	(4) CRCC, which is listed in the 250 global contractors in ENR report for 2013, is confident that it will offer its best services, expertise and experience gained from bridge projects in China and across the world
(5) Pada masa yang sama, beliau berkata bahawa syarikatnya juga terus meneroka pelbagai peluang-peluang pembinaan di negara-negara anggota ASEAN termasuk di Malaysia dan Singapura dengan hasrat untuk menyertai tawaran bagi pembinaan laluan kereta api pantas menghubungkan Singapura dan Malaysia yang akan dilaksanakan	(5) The Chairman of the Board of Directors of CRCC, Meng Fengchao, said this during a joint meeting with the media from Southeast Asia at CRCC Headquarters in Beijing, China, recently. The mediapersons were there for an exchange programme. (photo: Meng Fengchao, Chairman of the Board of Directors of CRCC (L) speaking at the joint meeting as Vice-President Zhuo Lei looks on.)
(6) Beliau turut melahirkan keyakinan bahawa dengan pengalaman, kepakaran dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh syarikatnya itu, ia mampu untuk membantu pertukaran ilmu pengetahuan itu kepada pekerja-pekerja tempatan di negara-negara ASEAN itu nanti	(6) He added that the company has extensive experience in the construction of bridges in sophisticated and diverse designs in China and believes that the experience could be applied in the construction of the bridge linking Temburong and Brunei-Muara Districts
(7) Menyentuh lanjut mengenai penyertaan tawaran CRCC dalam projek jambatan penghubung Daerah Temburong itu, Penolong Presiden CRCC, Pengerusi dan Pengurus Besar CRCC Intl. Ltd, Zhuo Lei berkata bahawa proses pembidaan bagi projek Jambatan Temburong itu dibahagikan kepada beberapa pakej dan CRCC menyertai atau menghantar bidaan mereka dalam kesemua pakej-pakej yang ditawarkan itu	(7) At the same time, the chairman said that CRCC continues to explore various opportunities in construction in Asean member countries, including Malaysia and Singapore, where the company is spearheading the construction of a railway route linking the neighbours
(8) Katanya, setiap pakej yang ditawarkan itu berada dalam pelbagai peringkat pelaksanaan dari peringkat awal hingga ke peringkat lanjutan. Keputusan bidaan dijangka dikeluarkan pada masa yang terdekat	(8) He noted that with the experience, expertise and knowledge the company has, CRCC will also be able to help transfer knowledge to local workers in Asean countries
(9) ‘CRCC menaruh harapan akan diberi peluang oleh pihak Negara Brunei Darussalam untuk mengongsi pengalaman dalam pembinaan jambatan. Kami juga yakin dapat melaksanakan projek itu dengan jayanya’	(9) Vice-President of CRCC, Chairman and General Manager of CRCC Intl Ltd, Zhuo Lei said the bidding process for the Temburong bridge project was divided into several packages and CRCC has sent its bids for all packages offered by Brunei’s ministry of development
(10) Mengulas mengenai penyertaan pekerja tempatan dalam projek itu, Zhuo Lei berkata syarikatnya meletakkan keutamaan untuk mendapatkan sebanyak mungkin tenaga kerja tempatan dalam projek-projek yang dilaksanakan di luar negara	(10) He explained that each of the packages offered was in various stages of implementation, from the initial stage to the advanced stage. The decision on bids/tender will be released soon
(11) ‘Ia adalah prinsip utama kami dan klien-klien kami mengharapkan perkara itu dapat dilaksanakan dengan jayanya serta memberikan pulangan yang positif kepada penduduk setempat dari segi ilmu pengetahuan dan kepakaran’	(11) ‘CRCC hopes to be given the opportunity by the government of Brunei Darussalam so as to share its experience in the construction of the bridge with Brunei. We also believe that we can implement the project successfully,’ said Zhou Lei
(12) Tambah beliau, syarikatnya juga akan memastikan pelaksanaan projek itu dijalankan secara mesra alam yang mana adalah menjadi salah satu prinsip syarikat berkenaan untuk melaksanakan projek yang mempunyai pelan mesra alam yang terperinci supaya tidak mengakibatkan kerosakan teruk kepada alam semula jadi dan persekitaran projek	(12) Commenting on the participation of local workers in the project, he said the company’s priority is to employ as many locals as possible in projects undertaken abroad
(13) Jambatan penghubung itu nanti akan merentasi perairan Brunei melalui jambatan sepanjang kira-kira 14 km dan menjadikan panjang keseluruhan jalan dan jambatan sejauh 30 km, menghubungkan Daerah Brunei Muara dan Daerah Temburong, bermula dari Jalan Utama Menteri hingga ke Labu Estet	(13) He also said CRCC will ensure the execution of the mega bridge project in an environmentally friendly manner, which is one of the core principles of the company
(14) Apabila siap nanti, ia akan mempercepatkan lagi perjalanan berulang-alik antara Brunei Muara ke Temburong dalam masa kira-kira 30 ke 40 minit sahaja	(14) ‘CRCC ensures that while implementing any project, detailed plans emphasising on environmental friendly issues will be applied and will ensure minimal damage to nature and the environment,’ he said
(15) Projek Jambatan Temburong itu juga bakal menjadi mercu tanda bagi Negara Brunei Darussalam dan merupakan satu projek mega Kementerian Pembangunan	(15) Temburong District is separated from Brunei’s other three districts by Malaysian territory. Currently, the main modes of travel between Temburong and Brunei-Muara Districts are through a 45-min boat ride, or a 90-min journey by land
(16) Kementerian Pembangunan sebelum ini menyatakan yang ia sedaya upaya akan memastikan semua aspek projek jambatan itu dari reka bentuk yang menepati ciri-ciri KeBruneian hinggalah kepada kerja-kerja pembinaan dan kualiti jambatan yang siap itu nanti, benar-benar mencerminkan satu kerja kejuruteraan yang boleh dibanggakan	(16) The 30-km link will start from an interchange at Jalan Penghubung Mentiri, through a series of tunnels in Bukit Subok, before crossing the scenic Brunei Bay covering a distance of 14 km. Once completed, it will cut the travelling time to only 30–40 min’ drive
	(17) The construction of the bridge will ensure that all aspects of the design meet the characteristics of the country, which will be one of the engineering marvels that Brunei can be proud of

Appendix B

Interview Questions (Editors)

• 1. What is your editorial policy regarding language use in

  • (a) news reports;

  • (b) reporting parliamentary and political speeches or debates;

  • (c) crime reports?

• 2. What are the criteria for translating reports from Malay into English and vice versa?

• 3. Do your journalists translate word-for-word or are some features left out?

• 4. Are they differences in what is covered in the Malay newspaper produced by your company as compared to your English-language newspaper?

Interview Questions (Journalists)

• 1. How do you go about drafting reports?

• 2. How do you decide what to include or exclude in your reports?

• 3. Are the reports drafted in Malay or English?

• 4. Do you translate word-for-word or are some features left out?

• 5. What is your strategy or what are your strategies when drafting the following:

  • (a) Current affairs news?

  • (b) News regarding speeches of Ministers and other VIPs?

  • (c) News about crime?