Abstract
The photon energy (\(h \nu\)) of solar radiation in visible wavelengths creates ionization in the depletion region of the n–p junction of solar cells for generating direct (dc) power (current × voltage) to meet the basic high-grade energy demand of human beings in underdeveloped regions for rural applications. Rural applications include streetlights, calculators, water pumping, and mobile charging, etc.
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Tiwari, G.N., Tiwari, A., Shyam (2016). Solar Cell Materials, Photovoltaic Modules and Arrays. In: Handbook of Solar Energy. Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0807-8_4
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