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Resistance

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Abstract

Plants generally have active countermeasures against invasion by pathogens, and the physiological condition of host plants is critical to fungal infection. On the other hand, overwintering plants have long been thought to passively endure snow mold attack, storing reserve materials for dormancy under snow to allocate for spring flush. Recent studies, however, revealed that overwintering plants can actively respond to snow mold attack. The unique feature of overwintering plants is that they utilize reserve materials as the energy source for active resistance. Since snow cover inhibits plant photosynthesis, overwintering plants need to store sufficient reserve materials prior to the occurrence of persistent snow cover. Hardening is the process of plant acclimation to survive winter, and freeze tolerance and cold adaptations are increased during the process of hardening. Some of these mechanisms have been elucidated to the molecular level, and such information is essential to resistance breeding.

figure a

The most reliable evaluation method of snow mold resistance is to observe and compare winter survival of plants in naturally infested fields. Many alfalfa cultivars resistant to Typhula ishikariensis biotype A were developed from field research at Hokkaido National Agricultural Research Center.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Naoyuki Matsumoto

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Tom Hsiang

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  1. Naoyuki Matsumoto
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  2. Tom Hsiang
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Matsumoto, N., Hsiang, T. (2016). Resistance. In: Snow Mold. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0758-3_4

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