Investment-Induced Displacement and the Ecological Basis of India’s Economy

Padel, Felix

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0454-4_8

Felix Padel⁴

Part of the book series: Dynamics of Asian Development ((DAD))

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Abstract

India’s economic policies need to be reviewed holistically in relation to their impacts on ecosystems and communities and to ensure long-term sustainability. The term ‘Development-Induced Displacement’ adds insult to injury in a context where a majority of those displaced by industrial projects do not experience these as development at all, but experience a drastic drop in their living standards. What is indisputable is that this process is ‘Investment-Induced Displacement’, since financial funding is the driving force that makes projects happen; and Adivasis themselves often say ‘We are being swept away by money’.

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Notes

1.
Binayak Sen has developed the argument in many places that according to data on body mass index and calory intake, at least 50 % of Adivasis and Dalits are living at a level of food deprivation that constitutes famine conditions according to UN criteria. ‘Country Faces a Perpetual State of Famine’, The Hindu, 21 January 2012, at www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/article2819883.ece.
2.
This argument is laid out in ‘Adivasi Economics’, Chap. 2 of Padel et al. (2013, pp. 21–46).
3.
Data on this dramatic decline in living standards of displaced Adivasis is available for example in Fernandes (2006, 2008), Mathur (2008, 2011), Padel and Das (2008, December 2008, 2011).
4.
Caufield (1998, pp. 227), Padel and Das (2010, pp. 95–100, 96 and 455 (quotations)).
5.
Times of India 3 May 2011, at http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Jairam-Ramesh-clears-Posco-project/articleshow/8148693.cms.
6.
Mining Zone People’s Solidarity Group (2010), Padel et al. (2013, pp. 96–100), Mukerjee (2012).
7.
Alternative Survey Group (2007), Bhaduri (2009, 2010), Sharma (2009, 2011), Deeming and Gobhaju (2014).
8.
‘Jairam Ramesh and Coal Ministry in turf war’, Times of India, Delhi, 29 December 2010; Siddhanta and Sinha (2011).
9.
Caufield (1998, pp. 180–188), Padel et al. (2014, pp. 108–126).
10.
Indigenous Peoples Issues and Resources (2010).
11.
Mitra (2006); see also Sharma (2003).
12.
On the Northeastern dams and their funding, Dharmidikay (2008), Chakravartty (2011), Rajshekar (2013).
13.
Centre for Science and Environment (2008), Padel and Das (2010), Padel et al. (2013, pp. 80–118).
14.
As of June–August 2014, this Secret Report was freely available on the net at http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/06/full-text-of-ib-report-21-pages-on-ngos.html.
15.
This figure is from the World Bank’s Sierra Leone Overview, 2014, at http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sierraleone/overview.
16.
E.g. 31 % of official GDP in 2007 in Europe, Africa and Central Asia, according to Schneider et al. (2010).
17.
The views here are expanded in many places including Norberg-Hodge (2012), Shrivastava and Kothari (2014), Padel et al. (2013).

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Padel, F. (2016). Investment-Induced Displacement and the Ecological Basis of India’s Economy. In: Venkateswar, S., Bandyopadhyay, S. (eds) Globalisation and the Challenges of Development in Contemporary India. Dynamics of Asian Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0454-4_8

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