Abstract
Different types of soil and its characteristics have been discussed in Chap. 4. The value of the soil resistivity is mainly dependent on its properties. Soil resistivity measurement is an important factor in finding the best location for any grounding system. Based on the measurement results, new grounding systems are installed for the power generating station, substation, transmission tower, distribution pole, telephone exchange, industry, commercial and residential buildings.
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References
B. Thapar, V. Gerez, H. Kejriwal, Reduction factor for the ground resistance of the foot in substation yards. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 9(1), 360–368 (1994)
IEEE Std. 80-2000, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding (IEEE Society, New York)
J.N. Cernica, Geotechnical Engineering: Soil Mechanics (Wiley, USA, 1995)
B.M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering (PWS-KENT Publishing Company, USA, 1985)
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Exercise Problems
Exercise Problems
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6.1
The Wenner four poles equal method is used to measure the soil resistivity measurement near a power station. The five readings of soil resistance were recorded at a probe distance of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m using Fluke 1625 earth tester equipment. The corresponding values of the soil resistance were 35, 18, 13, 11.2, 10.2 and 13 Ω, respectively. Determine the soil resistivity and plot it with respect to the probe distance.
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6.2.
A 66/11 kV substation has been installed near an industrial area. The measurement of the soil resistance are recorded at a probe distance of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m using the F. Wenner four poles equal method. The corresponding values of the soil resistance were 12.4, 4.29, 3.95, 1.26 and 0.86 Ω, respectively. Determine the average soil resistivity in that substation.
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6.3
The Lee’s portioning method is used to measure the soil resistivity of an 11/66 kV substation of a country. The resistances of 4.3 and 4.21 Ω are measured between the probes 2 and 3, probes 3 and 4, respectively. Calculate the soil resistivity if the probe separation distance 1.5 m in both cases.
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6.4
The Schlumberger unequal method is used to measure the soil resistivity of a substation. The value of the resistance of the soil is found to be 10.5 Ω by setting a distance of 1.5 m between the current and the potential probes. Calculate the soil resistivity if the two potential probes separation distance is 4 m.
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6.5
The resistance of the soil is measured using the Schlumberger unequal method and the value is found to be 10 Ω. In this measurement, the distance between the current probe and the potential probe is set to be 1 m. Find the soil resistivity if the distance between the two potential probes is 3 m.
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6.6
A person touches an energized distribution pole for 0.2 s, and his body weight 70 kg. The resistivity at the surface layer and at a distance of 0.02 m inside the soil are found to be 30 and 12 Ω-m, respectively. Find the surface layer derating factor, touch and step potential.
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Salam, M.A., Rahman, Q.M. (2016). Soil Resistivity Measurement. In: Power Systems Grounding. Power Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0446-9_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0446-9_6
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