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‘Out of School’ Ethnic Minority Young People in Hong Kong pp 17–47Cite as

Literature Review

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Part of the book series: Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects ((EDAP,volume 32))

Abstract

The comprehensive literature review focuses on ethnic minority young people and issues for them ‘in school’ and ‘out of school’. It is organized into five sections. The first, provides a general overview of international literature examining the issues of ethnic diversity, multiculturalism, immigration, and their interrelations with educational outcomes. The next section reviews Hong Kong census data and describes the demographic characteristics of ethnic minority people and social issues that were related to those characteristics. To ascertain the social context that characterizes the ethnic minority population in Hong Kong, the third section examines relevant literature to gain such understandings. Ethnic minority students face a number of educational issues and challenges within the school system in Hong Kong. These areas are highlighted in the fourth section of the review. The fifth and final section identifies research gaps that were found in the literature and revisit the three research questions initially proposed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Designated schools pre-dominantly cater for ethnic minority students in Hong Kong. While the number of designated school was 15 in 2006/2007, it has reached 31 in 2012/2013 ( Education Bureau [EDB] 2012). Education Bureau (EDB) in Hong Kong has clearly mentioned the rationale of inviting schools to be designated schools mainly to develop expertise among a pool of schools in dealing with ethnic minority students and sharing their experience with other schools. Perhaps, this system was easier for the EDB to provide support and resources. However, this designated school concept has been highly criticized as a discriminatory approach itself mainly because it reinforces segregation rather than integration (EOC 2011, p. 7; Hong Kong Unison Limited 2011). The EDB is not any more using the word ‘designated school’ on their website, and recently changed the term to ‘schools provided with recurrent funding and school-based professional support for non-Chinese speaking students’ (EDB 2012). Yet, the very essence of segregating ethnic minority students in these schools, in whatever name it takes, is still in practice. We will keep using the word ‘designated school’ for easy reference and maintaining consistency with the previous literature.

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  1. The Hong Kong Institute of Education, New Territories, Hong Kong

    Miron Kumar Bhowmik & Kerry J. Kennedy

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Bhowmik, M.K., Kennedy, K.J. (2016). Literature Review. In: ‘Out of School’ Ethnic Minority Young People in Hong Kong. Education in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Concerns and Prospects, vol 32. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0327-1_2

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