Abstract
This chapter opens with a brief account of the events that precipitated the introduction of New Zealand’s high-stakes assessment system, the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA). In particular, and building on the work of the UK’s Assessment Reform Group, the perceived value of assessment for learning, in contrast to the assessment of learning, is articulated. The chapter goes on to present a detailed account of changes to assessment practices in light of the assessment for/of learning debates, and how these changes have influenced FL assessments. The chapter then describes in some detail the processes involved in the most recent reforms and the implications of those reforms for the current assessment of FL students’ spoken communicative proficiency (the move from a static single teacher-led interview test, called converse, to on-going peer-to-peer paired assessments, known as interact). The chapter provides a thorough contextual background for the study into teachers’ and students’ perspectives on the reform reported in subsequent chapters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This presentation is derived, in part, from articles in Language Assessment Quarterly (East & Scott, 2011a), published 25th May 2011, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2010.538779, and Assessment Matters (East & Scott, 2011b).
- 2.
The assessment in practice does not preclude evidence derived from a teacher-student interaction, but emphasises the peer-to-peer nature of the assessment and the expectation that most evidence will be derived from student-student interactions.
References
ARG. (1999). Assessment for learning: Beyond the black box. Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge Faculty of Education.
ARG. (2006). The role of teachers in the assessment of learning. London, England: University of London Institute of Education.
Australian Council for Educational Research. (2002). Report on the New Zealand national curriculum. Melbourne, Australia: ACER.
Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. (1996). Language testing in practice: Designing and developing useful language tests. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. (2010). Language assessment in practice: Developing language assessments and justifying their use in the real world. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Buck, G. (1992). Translation as a language testing procedure: Does it work? Language Testing, 9(2), 123–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026553229200900202
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/i.1.1
Cheng, L. (1997). How does washback influence teaching? Implications for Hong Kong. Language and Education, 11(1), 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500789708666717
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Crooks, T. (2010). New Zealand: Empowering teachers and children. In I. C. Rotberg (Ed.), Balancing change and tradition in global education reform (2nd ed., pp. 281–310). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Education.
Dobric, K. (2006). Drawing on discourses: Policy actors in the debates over the National Certificate of Educational Achievement 1996–2000. New Zealand Annual Review of Education, 15, 85–109.
East, M. (2012). Task-based language teaching from the teachers’ perspective: Insights from New Zealand. Amsterdam / Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tblt.3
East, M., & Scott, A. (2011a). Assessing the foreign language proficiency of high school students in New Zealand: From the traditional to the innovative. Language Assessment Quarterly, 8(2), 179–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2010.538779
East, M., & Scott, A. (2011b). Working for positive washback: The standards-curriculum alignment project for Learning Languages. Assessment Matters, 3, 93–115.
Gipps, C. (1994). Beyond testing: Towards a theory of educational assessment. London, England: The Falmer Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203486009
Hattie, J. (2009). The black box of tertiary assessment: An impending revolution. In L. H. Meyer, S. Davidson, H. Anderson, R. Fletcher, P. M. Johnston, & M. Rees (Eds.), Tertiary assessment and higher education student outcomes: Policy, practice and research (pp. 259–275). Wellington, NZ: Ako Aotearoa.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
Hipkins, R. (2013). NCEA one decade on: Views and experiences from the 2012 NZCER National Survey of Secondary Schools. Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
Klapper, J. (2003). Taking communication to task? A critical review of recent trends in language teaching. Language Learning Journal, 27, 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571730385200061
Koefoed, G. (2012). Policy perspectives from New Zealand. In M. Byram & L. Parmenter (Eds.), The Common European framework of reference: The globalisation of language education policy (pp. 233–247). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Messick, S. (1996). Validity and washback in language testing. Language Testing, 13(3), 241–256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026553229601300302
Ministry of Education. (1993). The New Zealand curriculum framework. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (1995a). Chinese in the New Zealand curriculum. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (1995b). Spanish in the New Zealand curriculum. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (1998). Japanese in the New Zealand curriculum. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (2002a). French in the New Zealand curriculum. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (2002b). German in the New Zealand curriculum. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (2007). The New Zealand Curriculum. Wellington, NZ: Learning Media.
Ministry of Education. (2010). Learning Languages – Curriculum guides. Retrieved from http://learning-languages-guides.tki.org.nz/
Ministry of Education. (2011a). Ministry of Education Position Paper: Assessment (schooling sector). Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Education.
Ministry of Education. (2011b). New Zealand curriculum guides senior secondary: Learning languages. Retrieved from http://seniorsecondary.tki.org.nz/Learning-languages
Ministry of Education. (2012b). What’s new or different? Retrieved from http://seniorsecondary.tki.org.nz/Learning-languages/What-s-new-or-different
Ministry of Education. (2014a). Learning languages – Achievement objectives. Retrieved from http://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/The-New-Zealand-Curriculum/Learning-areas/Learning-languages/Achievement-objectives
Ministry of Education. (2014b). Resources for internally assessed achievement standards. Retrieved from http://ncea.tki.org.nz/Resources-for-Internally-Assessed-Achievement-Standards
National Foundation for Educational Research. (2002). New Zealand stocktake: An international critique. Retrieved from http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/curriculum/9137
Norris, J., Bygate, M., & Van den Branden, K. (2009). Introducing task-based language teaching. In K. Van den Branden, M. Bygate, & J. Norris (Eds.), Task-based language teaching: A reader (pp. 15–19). Amsterdam / Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
NZQA. (2014a). Assessment and moderation best practice workshops. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/about-us/events/best-practice-workshops/
NZQA. (2014b). External examinations. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/qualifications/ncea/ncea-exams-and-portfolios/external/
NZQA. (2014c). External moderation. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/providers-partners/assessment-and-moderation/managing-national-assessment-in-schools/secondary-moderation/external-moderation/
NZQA. (2014d). History of NCEA. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/qualifications/ncea/understanding-ncea/history-of-ncea/
NZQA. (2014e). Internal moderation. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/providers-partners/assessment-and-moderation/managing-national-assessment-in-schools/secondary-moderation/external-moderation/internal-moderation/
NZQA. (2014f). Languages – Moderator’s newsletter. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/qualifications/ncea/subjects/languages/moderator-newsletters/October-2014/
NZQA. (2014g). Search framework. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/framework/search/index.do
NZQA. (2014h). Secondary school qualifications prior to 2002. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/results-2/secondary-school-qualifications-prior-to-2002
NZQA. (2014i). Standards. Retrieved from http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/qualifications-standards/qualifications/ncea/understanding-ncea/how-ncea-works/standards/
Sakuragi, T. (2006). The relationship between attitudes toward language study and cross-cultural attitudes. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.05.017
Scott, A., & East, M. (2009). The Standards review for learning languages: How come and where to? The New Zealand Language Teacher, 39, 28–33.
Scott, A., & East, M. (2012). Academic perspectives from New Zealand. In M. Byram & L. Parmenter (Eds.), The common European framework of reference: The globalisation of language education policy (pp. 248–257). Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Shearer, R. (n.d.). The New Zealand curriculum framework: A new paradigm in curriculum policy development. ACE Papers, Issue 7 (Politics of curriculum, pp. 10–25). Retrieved from https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/25073
Weimer, M. (2002). Learner-centered teaching: Five key changes to practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
East, M. (2016). Introducing a New Assessment of Spoken Proficiency: Interact . In: Assessing Foreign Language Students’ Spoken Proficiency. Educational Linguistics, vol 26. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0303-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0303-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0301-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0303-5
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)