Abstract
This chapter serves as introduction to the evolution of systems theory and practice in order to articulate a framework for systems research. It begins with a discussion of the meaning and significance of systems research, articulating both a distinction and a relationship between research into the nature of systems and a systemic approach to research. The chapter then outlines a cyclical framework based on relational theory, as initially conceived by Robert Rosen and further elaborated by John Kineman, which will provide a meta-theoretical orientation and organizational framework for the remainder of the book. In order to establish a historical and theoretical context for the book, the chapter explores the evolution of the systems concept, and briefly summarizes developments in the broad ranging systems field, beginning with an overview of applied systems approaches, including both systems technology and systems design, and continuing with an exploration into the various theoretical orientations in the systems sciences. Building on this background, the chapter outlines the ontological, epistemological, and ethical considerations that inform research into systems, as well as a systemic approach to research, suggesting a potential, and perhaps critical, role for the proposed conceptual framework in facilitating a greater integration between these two approaches. Finally, it highlights the qualities of inclusivity, collaboration, and holistic thinking inherent in systems research.
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Notes
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The website for the American Society for Cybernetics (http://asc-cybernetics.org) provides a wealth of information about this fascinating chapter in intellectual history.
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Along similar lines, Kenneth Boulding (1956a, 1968), together with von Bertalanffy one of the five original founders of the Society for General Systems Research (now ISSS), identified nine different types of systems as a conceptual framework for the systems sciences: frameworks, clockworks, thermostats, open systems, plants, animals, humans, symbolic systems, social systems.
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Hammond, D. (2017). Philosophical Foundations of Systems Research. In: Edson, M., Buckle Henning, P., Sankaran, S. (eds) A Guide to Systems Research. Translational Systems Sciences, vol 10. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0263-2_1
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