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Botoxology

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Botulinum Toxin for Asians

Abstract

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a neurotoxin produced by the gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It causes muscle paralysis through inhibition of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. Since the ingenious American ophthalmologist Dr. Alan Scott first used the BoNT-A to treat patients with strabismus, BoNT-A exploded in popularity and has since been used in treating a number of inappropriate excessive muscle contractions including blepharospasm and cervical dystonia. In the late 1980s, during a clinical study for treating blepharospasm with BoNT-A, a Canadian ophthalmologist, Jean Carruthers, observed that patients participating in the study wanted to continue to receive BoNT-A injection despite of improvement of blepharospasm because glabellar lines and periorbital lines disappeared along with blepharospasm. She mentioned this interesting observation to her husband, Alastair Carruthers, a dermatologist. This led to publish the world’s first article using BoNT-A for wrinkle treatment [1]. Since then BoNT-A has become a byword for the treatment of wrinkles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Modelo Clinic, Seoul, Korea

    Kyle K. Seo

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  1. Kyle K. Seo
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Seo, K.K. (2017). Botoxology. In: Botulinum Toxin for Asians. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0204-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0204-5_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0202-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0204-5

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