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Biodegradation of Benzene Under Anaerobic Condition

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Abstract

Global industrialization has largely expanded the edges of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) exploration. A large amount of various hydrocarbons are introduced into the environment during the stages of oil extraction, refinement, storage, transportation and disposal. Benzene is the parent hydrocarbon among the aromatic organic compounds which naturally occurs in petroleum products. It is a well-known carcinogenic organic compound. Its contamination is a widespread problem in soil as well as groundwater due to lack of oxygen in subsurface soils. Various physical and chemical methods are known to clean up aromatic hydrocarbons but they are too expensive and lead to adverse effects. Bioremediation technology has gained a great attention for the cleanup of hazardous aromatic compounds. There are advantages to rely on indigenous microorganisms rather than adding microbes to degrade waste. Emerging technologies have been developed in the field of environmental biotechnology for enhance degradation and complete removal of organic contaminant. This chapter reviews on recent progress in anaerobic degradation of benzene along with its sources, environmental fate and anaerobic mineralization pathways in the presence of different electron acceptors and also focuses on enhanced benzene degradation by enrichment and immobilization-based culture technique, factors affecting the rate of anaerobic degradation, role of enzymes and molecular tools to assess bioremediation.

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  1. School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India

    Bhawana Pathak, Shalini Gupta & M. H. Fulekar

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  1. Bhawana Pathak
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  2. Shalini Gupta
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  3. M. H. Fulekar
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  1. James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Kirsten Heimann

  2. James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan

  3. SGS Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

    Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu

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Pathak, B., Gupta, S., Fulekar, M.H. (2017). Biodegradation of Benzene Under Anaerobic Condition. In: Heimann, K., Karthikeyan, O., Muthu, S. (eds) Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0201-4_5

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