Abstract
A solute forms a hydration shell by clustering water molecular dipoles surrounding it, which elongates the O:H–O bond in the shell and stiffens its H–O phonon and softens the O:H–O nonbond phonon by different extents. Polarization dominance of salt solutions raises the H–O phonon lifetime, molecular structural order, skin stress, solution viscosity, and thermal stability. Quantum fragmentsation of acid solutions weakens molecular structural order, skin stress, and the reflectivity of Raman photon and the transmittance of IR photons. The difference in electronegativity, electronic structure, and ionic size between H+ and other alkali metals could be origin.
• Solutes form hydration shells with an association of H–O bond contraction and subjective nonbonding electron polarization.
• HX acid solutions exhibit quantum fragilation dominance, which depresses the structural order and skin supersolidity.
• Salt solutions demonstrate polarization dominance, which raises the structural order and skin supersolidity.
• H–O phonon frequency shift correlates the phonon lifetime, structure order, skin stress, skin solubility, solute viscosity, and thermal stability proportionally.
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Sun, C.Q., Sun, Y. (2016). Hydration Shells and Water Skin. In: The Attribute of Water. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 113. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0180-2_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0180-2_13
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