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Recent Advances of Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Recovery

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Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals

Abstract

With climate change looming and the unsustainable supply of fossil fuels, the development of renewable and clean energy is urgently required. An often neglected source of clean energy is the organic material contained in waste and wastewater. Millions of tons of solid organic waste and wastewater are generated everyday worldwide. Instead of consuming energy, anaerobic digestion can be applied to treat the generated waste, thus achieving the objective of waste treatment for public health protection and also recovery of renewable methane for heat and power purposes. In this chapter, the benefits of anaerobic digestion will be introduced followed by a discussion on the mechanism and the typical design principles of anaerobic digestion systems. Some of the recent advancement of anaerobic digestion systems such as membrane bioreactors, fluidized bed reactors and co-digestion systems will be presented in the subsequent sections. The state-of-the-art molecular biological tools to monitor and diagnose the microbiology of anaerobic digestion systems will also be discussed. Lastly, the future outlook of anaerobic digestions will be addressed.

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Abbreviations

a.c.:

Acoustic chemometrics

ABR:

Anaerobic baffled reactor

ADM1:

Anaerobic digestion model no. 1

AFBR:

Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

AnMBR:

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors

APBR:

Anaerobic packed bed reactor

ASBR:

Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

CSTR:

Continuous stirred tank reactor

DGGE:

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

EGSB:

Expanded granular sludge bed

EN:

Electronic nose

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances

ET:

Electronic tongue

FLU:

Fluorescence spectroscopic

FW:

Food waste

GC:

Gas chromatographic

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatographic

IR:

Infrared spectroscopic

IWA:

The international water association

LCFA:

Long-chain fatty acid

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NIR:

Near infrared spectroscopic

OFMSW:

Organic fraction municipal solid waste

PAT:

Process analytical technology

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PFR:

Plug-flow reactor

qPCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

SHW:

Slaughterhouse waste

SRB:

Sulfate-reducing bacteria

TPAD:

Two-phase anaerobic digester

T-RFLP:

Terminal restriction-fragment length polymorphism

UAF:

Upflow anaerobic filter

UASB:

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket

UV:

Ultraviolet spectroscopic

VFAs:

Volatile fatty acids

VIS:

Visual spectroscopic

VS:

Volatile solid

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

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Ma, A.Y., Cheung, B.K., Kwok, K.C., Cai, M., Lee, P.K. (2016). Recent Advances of Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Recovery. In: Karthikeyan, O., Heimann, K., Muthu, S. (eds) Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0150-5_4

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