Abstract
With climate change looming and the unsustainable supply of fossil fuels, the development of renewable and clean energy is urgently required. An often neglected source of clean energy is the organic material contained in waste and wastewater. Millions of tons of solid organic waste and wastewater are generated everyday worldwide. Instead of consuming energy, anaerobic digestion can be applied to treat the generated waste, thus achieving the objective of waste treatment for public health protection and also recovery of renewable methane for heat and power purposes. In this chapter, the benefits of anaerobic digestion will be introduced followed by a discussion on the mechanism and the typical design principles of anaerobic digestion systems. Some of the recent advancement of anaerobic digestion systems such as membrane bioreactors, fluidized bed reactors and co-digestion systems will be presented in the subsequent sections. The state-of-the-art molecular biological tools to monitor and diagnose the microbiology of anaerobic digestion systems will also be discussed. Lastly, the future outlook of anaerobic digestions will be addressed.
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Abbreviations
- a.c.:
-
Acoustic chemometrics
- ABR:
-
Anaerobic baffled reactor
- ADM1:
-
Anaerobic digestion model no. 1
- AFBR:
-
Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor
- AnMBR:
-
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors
- APBR:
-
Anaerobic packed bed reactor
- ASBR:
-
Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor
- CSTR:
-
Continuous stirred tank reactor
- DGGE:
-
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
- EGSB:
-
Expanded granular sludge bed
- EN:
-
Electronic nose
- EPS:
-
Extracellular polymeric substances
- ET:
-
Electronic tongue
- FLU:
-
Fluorescence spectroscopic
- FW:
-
Food waste
- GC:
-
Gas chromatographic
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatographic
- IR:
-
Infrared spectroscopic
- IWA:
-
The international water association
- LCFA:
-
Long-chain fatty acid
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- NIR:
-
Near infrared spectroscopic
- OFMSW:
-
Organic fraction municipal solid waste
- PAT:
-
Process analytical technology
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- PFR:
-
Plug-flow reactor
- qPCR:
-
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- SHW:
-
Slaughterhouse waste
- SRB:
-
Sulfate-reducing bacteria
- TPAD:
-
Two-phase anaerobic digester
- T-RFLP:
-
Terminal restriction-fragment length polymorphism
- UAF:
-
Upflow anaerobic filter
- UASB:
-
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet spectroscopic
- VFAs:
-
Volatile fatty acids
- VIS:
-
Visual spectroscopic
- VS:
-
Volatile solid
- WWTP:
-
Wastewater treatment plant
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Ma, A.Y., Cheung, B.K., Kwok, K.C., Cai, M., Lee, P.K. (2016). Recent Advances of Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Recovery. In: Karthikeyan, O., Heimann, K., Muthu, S. (eds) Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0150-5_4
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