Abstract
The tanning industry occupies a unique place in the industrial map of India. Nearly 2000 tanneries are in operation in India, with a total processing capacity of 700,000 tonnes of hides and skins per annum. During treatment of tannery wastewater, primary (chemical) and secondary (biological) sludge are generated. Safe disposal of sludge generated during treatment of tannery wastewater is a major concern from an environmental point of view. At present, the sludge is being disposed off in secured landfill facilities. Each tannery is spending about Rs. 750 to Rs. 1000 per tonne for disposal of sludge into secured landfill facilities, which includes transportation of sludge from the tannery to the secured landfill facility, loading and unloading. Solidification and Stabilization (S/S) is the Best Available Treatment Technology (BATT). Hence, in the present study, in order to utilize the sludge generated during treatment of tannery wastewater, S/S studies were carried out for encapsulation of chromium-bearing sludge. The solidification process was carried out using binding materials such as cement and lime in various combinations. Various performance tests were carried out on the S/S blocks to understand the leaching behavior of chromium by conducting leaching tests viz., Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EP ToX and ANS Leaching Tests and compressive strength of S/S blocks were determined.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for financial support of the study under the ZERIS—XII Five Year Plan Network project. The authors would like also to thank the Director, Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) India for permitting to publish this work.
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Sri Bala Kameswari, K., Babu, P.R., Lekshmi, B., Kalyanaraman, C. (2016). Solidification and Stabilization of Tannery Sludge. In: Karthikeyan, O., Heimann, K., Muthu, S. (eds) Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0150-5_14
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