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Fast Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes for Bio-fuel and Bio-char

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Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals

Abstract

Fast pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical conversion method to produce liquid fuel from biomass. This process involves the rapid thermal decomposition of organic compounds in the absence of oxygen. The vapors formed are rapidly condensed to yield a liquid product called bio-oil. Since the major product is liquid, it is easy to store, and handle. Moreover, bio-oil can be readily transported to facilities where it can be most effectively used. Unlike other conversion methods for bio-fuel production, fast pyrolysis utilizes different types of feedstocks, therefore this process can be considered as a tool for solid waste management. Different types of feedstocks ranging from agriculture and forest residues to MSW, plastic wastes and animal manures have been utilized for pyrolysis studies around the world. Liquid fuel production using fast pyrolysis has received much attention in recent years. Bio-oil, the liquid product of fast pyrolysis, can be considered as an intermediate for fuel and chemical production. Bio-char, the solid product of pyrolysis, has multiple applications like bio-char from other methods. The chapter reviews different types of reactors used for fast pyrolysis, bio-oil properties, challenges and opportunities, and the current status of fast pyrolysis applications. In addition, the chapter discusses applications of bio-char and energy and economics of fast pyrolysis.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to acknowledge the students who worked for the fast pyrolysis section of the project ‘Proj-In-FETBE-015’ funded by Centre of Excellence for Research, Value Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CERVIE) at UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The students Chin Chun Man, Ng Han Ject, Chang Jang Sen, Kho Lik Yeh, Punit Purshotam, Rameshwaran, Kavindran are acknowledged for their contributions in the literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar

  2. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Sushil Adhikari

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  1. Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar
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Correspondence to Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar .

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  1. James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan

  2. James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Kirsten Heimann

  3. SGS Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

    Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu

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Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, S., Adhikari, S. (2016). Fast Pyrolysis of Agricultural Wastes for Bio-fuel and Bio-char. In: Karthikeyan, O., Heimann, K., Muthu, S. (eds) Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals. Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0150-5_11

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