Abstract
This chapter explores the changing activities of VNP ’s from 1927 to 1929. Most of the activities practiced by VNP followed the principle of “centralized democracy.” In addition, VNP also focused on building revolutionary forces and developing the party base system in locals of Vietnam with the active participation of diverse social classes. Furthermore, VNP tried to connect their operations with other revolutionary organizations of Vietnam at this time, but most of these efforts failed leading to the isolation of the party and their own activities in a later period. Especially, this period also witnessed the expansion of VNP’s activities by means of propaganda and training, building financial base, and terrorizing against the French colonialists to attract public attention to their organization.
In reality, the operations of VNP during its existence were confined in two stages: first stage (membership development) and third stage (acting period), without going through the second stage (preparing stage) as defined in the program of action approved in the Party’s establishing conference (December 25, 1927). The Bazin assassination (December 9, 1929) was considered a transition between the first and third stages.
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Notes
- 1.
See Khởi nghĩa Yên Bái 2—1930. Một số vấn đề lịch sử (The Yen Bai uprising February, 1930. Some historical issues), Ibid., pp. 131–135.
- 2.
According to Nguyen Van Tuyen (younger brother of Nguyễn Như Liên) in Cao Mại Street, former member of VNP , who later joined Vietnam Communist Party.
- 3.
Document of Committee of Historical Collections, Kinh Ke commune, Phong Châu district, Vĩnh Phú province (now Lam Thao, Phu Tho ).
- 4.
Document of Committee of Historical Collections, Ibid.
- 5.
Khởi nghĩa Yên Bái 2—1930. Một số vấn đề lịch sử (The Yen Bai uprising February, 1930. Some historical issues), p. 161. See also Khánh (1996).
- 6.
Hoang Van Dao, Việt Nam Quốc dân đảng — Lịch sử đấu tranh cận đại 1927–1954 (Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National Struggle: 1927–1954), p. 30.
- 7.
Pham Xuan Thanh, Sự ra đời và hoạt động của tổ chức Việt Nam Quốc dân đảng yêu nước tại Hải Phòng—Kiến An những năm 1928–1930 (The establishment and operations of patriotic VNP in Hai Phong —Kien An in the years 1928–1930), Library of Hai Phong Center for Social Sciences and Humanities (Typed document), p. 3.
- 8.
The Party Executive Committee of Quỳnh Phụ district, Lịch sử Đảng bộ huyện Quỳnh Phụ 1927–1954 (sơ thảo) (History of the Party Committee of Quỳnh Phụ district 1927–1954 (draft)), Thái Bình, 1992, p. 24.
- 9.
According to Partrice Morlat , the membership of VNP among soldiers was 300 comprising 20 cells. See Morlat (2001).
- 10.
After August Revolution, the Department of Propaganda belonging to the Interim Government released a number of secret documents composed by the French Sureté Générale in Ha Noi which confirmed that Nguyen The Nghiep had long been a spy for the French. See Tran Van Giau, Đinh Xuan Lam , Kieu Xuan Ba, Lịch sử cận đại Viet Nam (Vietnamese Pre-Modern History), Ibid., p. 188.
- 11.
Hoang Van Dao, Việt Nam Quốc dân đảng — Lịch sử đấu tranh cận đại 1927–1954 (Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National Struggle: 1927–1954), Ibid., p. 48.
- 12.
See Hồng Thế Công , Lược thảo lịch sử phong trào cộng sản Đông Dương (A brief history of Indochina communist movements) (1933), (typed, belongs to Institute of Party’s history), pp. 53–55. In our opinion, this leftist approach of International Communist to Vietnamese and Indochinese bourgeois and petty bourgeois was due to the incomplete investigation and understanding of the political and historical conditions as well as the situation of social classes at that time. Also, the reactionary operation performed by Chinese Koumintang in Guangzhou Commune at the end of 1927 negatively affected the opinion and mindset of International Communist.
- 13.
Louis Marty , “Góp phần nghiên cứu lịch sử chính trị Đông Dương thuộc Pháp” (A contribution to research on the political history of French—occupied Indochina ), Ibid., p. 102.
- 14.
See Vietnamese history, (3rd volume), Ibid., p. 232.
- 15.
Tran Huy Lieu, Van Tao, A reference on Vietnamese pre-modern revolutionary history—5th volume, Ibid., p. 49.
- 16.
Tran Van Giau, Đinh Xuan Lam , Kieu Xuan Ba, Lịch sử cận đại Viet Nam (Vietnamese Pre-Modern History), Ibid., p. 12.
- 17.
In fact, since the party’s establishment, VNP ’s operations were kept under supervision of the French and quite a few spies infiltrated the party. In addition, several members betrayed the party later and became detectives of the French, as Nguyen Quoc Tuy who revealed to the spies after being deported to Cochinchina: “lately, my same—school comrade Nguyễn Thái Học invited me into a Secret Party whose purpose was to use violence to defeat the colonialists. In this Secret Party there are also Nhuong Tong and Pham Tuan Tai”. According to Hoang Van Dao, Việt Nam Quốc dân đảng — Lịch sử đấu tranh cận đại 1927–1954 (Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: A Contemporary History of a National Struggle: 1927–1954), p. 52.
- 18.
To capture Nguyễn Thái Học and Nguyễn Khắc Nhu , the Chief of the Criminal Commission named Bride bribed Truc Khe (Ngo Van Vien) to write a letter asking for their surrender and cooperation with the French. Later, he asked Nhu and Uyen to bring this letter to Nguyễn Thái Học in an attempt to induce him. To prevent this, the Tonkin Region chapter of VRYL decided to assassinate Nhu and Uyen. This assassination was carried out by the Hai Phong Region chapter in May, 1929.
References
Morlat, P. (2001). Indochine anées vingt: le balcon de la France sur la Pacifique (1919–1928), Une page de l’histoire de France Extrême– Oriental (p. 479). Paris: Indes Savantes.
Khánh, N. V. (1996). Thêm một số tư liệu về VNP trên địa bàn Lam Thao (Vĩnh Phú) (Additional materials on VNP in the area of Lam Thao (Vinh Phu)). Journal of Historical Research, 4, 82–85.
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Nguyễn, V.K. (2016). The Operations of Vietnam Nationalist Party from 1927 to 1929. In: The Vietnam Nationalist Party (1927-1954). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0075-1_4
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