Skip to main content

Exploration Process and Future Plans of Arabs and Jewish Israeli Young Adults

Implications for Career Interventions

  • Chapter
Career Guidance and Livelihood Planning across the Mediterranean

Part of the book series: EMCER ((CIEDV))

Abstract

This chapter presents and discusses the career plans of Israeli Arab and Jewish young adults. It also considers in some detail recent Israeli studies on the process of career exploration in the period of emerging adulthood. These studies illustrate how culture as well as socio-political conditions shapes this process and impact on plans for the future. The chapter concludes by making a series of reflections and suggestions regarding career interventions that use a broad definition of career.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abu Baker, K. (2002). Social and educational welfare policy in the Arab sector in Israel. Israel Affairs, 9(1–2), 68–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Abu Rabia-Queder, S., & Arar, K. (2011). Gender and higher education in different national spaces:

    Google Scholar 

  3. Female Palestinian students attending Israeli and Jordanian universities. Compare, 41(3), 353–370.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Arnett, J. J. (2003). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood among emerging adults in American ethnic groups. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, (100), 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Arnett, J. J. (2004). A longer road to adulthood. In J. J. Arnett (Ed.), Emerging adulthood: The winding road from late teens through the twenties (pp. 3–25). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Arnett, J. J. (2005). The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 35, 235–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Arnett, J. J. (2006). The psychology of emerging adulthood: What is known, and what remains to be known? In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 303–330). Washington, DC: American Psychology Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barakat, H. (1985). The Arab family and the challenge of social transformation. In E. W. Fernea (Ed.), Women and the family in the Middle East: New voice of change (pp. 27–48). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Barnett, K. A., Del Campo, R. L., Del Campo, D. S., & Steiner, R. L. (2003). Work and family balance among dual-earner working-class Mexican-Americans: Implications for therapists. Contemporary Family Therapy, 25(4), 353–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Barnett, R. C., Gareis, K. C., James, J. B., & Steele, J. (2003). Planning ahead: College seniors’ concerns about career–marriage conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(2), 305–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Berman, A. M., Schwartz, S. J., Kurtines, W. A., & Berman, S. L. (2001). The process of exploration in identity formation: The role of style and competence. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 513–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Berzonsky, M. D. (1989). Identity style: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4, 268–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bowman, S. L. (1993). Career intervention strategies for ethnic minorities. The Career Development Quarterly, 42(1), 14–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bosma, H. A., & Kunnen, E. S. (2008). Identity-in-context is not yet identity development-in-context. Journal of Adolescence, 31(2), 281–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chronister, K. M., & Davidson, M. M. (2010). Promoting distributive justice for intimate partner violence survivors with group intervention. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 35(2), 115–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cinamon, R. G. (2006). Preparing minority adolescents to blend work and family roles: Increasing workfamily conflict management self-efficacy. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling,

    Google Scholar 

  19. 28, 79–94.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cinamon, R. G. (2009). Role salience, social support, and work–family conflict among Jewish and Arab female teachers in Israel. Journal of Career Development, 36(2), 139–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cinamon, R. G. (2014). ‘The Synergy Project’: A group career counseling intervention to enhance workfamily management. In P. J. Hartung, M. L. Savickas, & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), APA handbook of career intervention (Vol. 2, pp. 413–425). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2010). Work family relations: Antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(1), 59–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cinamon, R. G., & Rich, Y. (2014). Work and family plans among at risk Israeli adolescents – a mix methods study. Journal of Career Development, 41, 163–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cinamon, R. G., Gross-Spector, M., & Rich, Y. (2013). Cultural effects on the exploration process among Israeli emerging adults. Paper presented at the International conference Life Designing and Career Counseling: Building Hope and Resilience, Padova-Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cinamon, R. G., Habayib, H., & Ziv, M. (2016). The conception of work and higher education among Israeli Arab women. International Journal of Educational Research, 76, 129–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Clark, W. (2007, September 13–21). Delayed transitions of young adults. Canadian Social Trends.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Côté, J., & Bynner, J. (2008). Changes in the transition to adulthood in the U.K. and Canada: The role of structure and agency in emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth Studies, 11, 251–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Côté, J. E., & Schwartz, S. J. (2002). Comparing psychological and sociological approaches to identity: Identity status, identity capital, and the individualization process. Journal of Adolescence, 25(6), 571–586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Diemer, M. A., & Blustein, D. L. (2007). Vocational hope and vocational identity: Urban adolescents’ career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(1), 98–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Enosh, G., & Ben-Ari, A. (2013). Perceiving the other: Hostile and danger attributions among Jewish and Arab social work students in Israel. European Journal of Social Work, 16(3), 427–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ferrari, L., Nota, L., & Soresi, S. (2010). Time perspective and indecision in young and older adolescents. British journal of Guidance & Counselling, 38(1), 61–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Flum, H., & Blustein, D. L. (2000). Reinvigorating the study of vocational exploration: A framework for research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 380–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Flum, H., & Cinamon, R. G. (2011). Immigration and the interplay among citizenship, identity and career: The case of Ethiopian immigration to Israel. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78, 372–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Flum, H., & Kaplan, A. (2006). Exploratory orientation as an educational goal. Educational Psychologist, 41, 99–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Golan-Agnon, D. (2006). Separate but not equal discrimination against Palestinian Arab students in Israel. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(8), 1075–1084.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Grotevant, H. D. (1987). Toward a process model of identity formation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 2, 203–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hartung, P. J. (2002). Cultural context in career theory and practice: Role salience and values. The Career Development Quarterly, 51(1), 12–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Hartung, P. J., Fouad, N. A., Leong, F. T., & Hardin, E. E. (2010). Individualism-collectivism links to occupational plans and work values. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(1), 34–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hassan, M. (1999). Politics of honor: Patriarchy, the state and women killing for family honor. In D. N. Izraeli (Ed.), Sex, gender, politics: Women in Israel (pp. 267–305). Tel-Aviv: Hakebbutz Hameuchad. [in Hebrew]

    Google Scholar 

  40. Herzog, H. (2004). Both an Arab and a woman: Gendered radicalized experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel. Social Identities, 10, 53–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Hill, C. E., Knox, S., Thompson, B. J., Williams, E. N., Hess, S. A., & Ladany, N. (2005). Consensual qualitative research: An update. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Population aged 15 and over (1), and population aged 25–54 (prime working-age group), by civilian labour force characteristics, population group and sex. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Israel Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Society in Israel. Report No. 6. Past, present an perspective. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Israel Bureau of Statistics. (2015). Family day – Families and households in Israel. Retrieved from http://cbs.gov.il/reader/newhodaot/hodaa_template.html?hodaa=201611030

  45. Jepsen, D. A., & Sheu, H. B. (2003). General job satisfaction from a developmental perspective: Exploring choice—job matches at two career stages. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(2), 162–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Kerpelman, J. L., & Schvaneveldt, P. L. (1999). Young adults’ anticipated identity importance of career, marital, and parental roles: Comparisons of men and women with different role balance orientations. Sex Roles, 41(3–4), 189–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Kroger, J. (2007). Identity development: Adolescence through adulthood. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Lapan, R. T., & Kosciulek, J. F. (2001). Toward a community career system program evaluation

    Google Scholar 

  48. framework. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79(1), 3. Lavee, Y., & Katz, R. (2003). The family in Israel: Between tradition and modernity. Marriage & Family Review, 35(1–2), 193–217.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Lieblich, A. (1989). Transition to adulthood during military service: The Israeli case. Albany, NY: University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Livingston, J. A. (1996). Effects of metacognitive instruction on strategy use of college students (Unpublished manuscript). State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lundgren, L., & Barnett, R. C. (2000). Reduced-hours careers in medicine: A strategy for the professional community and the family. Community, Work & Family, 3(1), 65–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2006). Unpacking commitment and exploration: Preliminary validation of an integrative model of late adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 361–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Mayseless, O. (1995). Attachment patterns and marital relationships. In S. Shulman (Ed.), Close relationships and socioemotional development. Human development (Vol. 7, pp. 185–202). Westport, CT, US: Ablex Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Meeus, W. (2011). The study of adolescent identity formation 2000–2010: A review of longitudinal research. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 75–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Meichenbaum, D. (1985). Stress inoculation training. Oxford: ergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Nelson, L. J. (2003). Rites of passage in emerging adulthood: Perspectives of young Mormons. In J. Arnett & N. Galambos (Eds.), New directions for child and adolescent development (Vol. 100, pp. 33–49). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Nelson, L. J., & Chen, X. (2007). Emerging adulthood in China: The role of social and cultural factors. Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 86–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Nelson, L. J., Badger, S., & Wu, B. (2004). The influence of culture in emerging adulthood: Perspectives of Chinese college students. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 26–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Okocha, E. (1994). Blood on the Niger: An untold story of the Nigerian Civil War. Washington, DC: USA Africa in association with GOM SLAM.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Oyserman, D. (1993). The lens of personhood: Viewing the self and others in a multicultural society. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Patton, W., & Creed, P. A. (2001). Developmental issues in career maturity and career decision status. The Career Development Quarterly, 49(4), 336–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Peake, A., & Harris, K. L. (2002). Young adults’ attitudes toward multiple role planning: The influence of gender, career traditionality, and marriage plans. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(3), 405–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Prediger, D. J. (2002). Abilities, interests, and values: Their ssessment and their integration via the world-of-work map. Journal of Career Assessment, 10(2), 209–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Rich, Y., & Cinamon, R. G. (2007). Perceptions of spirituality among adolescents differing on culture, religion and gender. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 47, 7–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Rich, Y., & Seri, N. (2009). Do religiosity and gender predict young adults’ exploration and stability? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Sabateir, C. (2007). Ethnic and national identity among second-generation immigrant adolescents in France: The role of social context and family. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 185–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Studying human values. Journeys into cross-cultural psychology. In A. Bouvy, F. Vijver, P. Boski, & P. Schmitz (Eds.), Journeys into cross-cultural psychology (pp. 239–254). Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Schwartz, S. J. (2008). Self and identity in early adolescence – some reflections and an introduction to special issue. Journal of Early Adolescence, 28, 5–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Schwartz, S., Kurtines, W., & Montgomery, M. (2005). A comparison of two approaches for facilitating identity exploration processes in emerging adults: An exploratory study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 309–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Seginer, R., & Mahajna, S. (2004). How the future orientation of traditional Israeli Palestinian girls links beliefs about women’s roles and academic achievement. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(2), 122–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Shea, M., Ma, P. W. W., Yeh, C. J., Lee, S. J., & Pituc, S. T. (2009). Exploratory studies on the effects of a career exploration group for urban Chinese immigrant youth. Journal of Career Assessment, 17, 457–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Smith, M. D. (2011). The ecological role of climate extremes: Current understanding and future prospects. Journal of Ecology, 99(3), 651–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Syed, M., & Azmitia, M. (2008). A narrative approach to ethnic identity in emerging adulthood: Bringing life to the identity status model. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1012–1027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Vuori, J., & Vinokur, A. D. (2005). Job-search preparedness as a mediator of the effects of the Työhön Job Search Intervention on re-employment and mental health. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(3), 275–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P. (2012). Effects of resource-building group intervention on career management and mental health in work organizations: Randomized controlled field trial. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Weer, C. H., Greenhaus, J. H., Colakoglu, S. N., & Foley, S. (2006). The role of maternal employment, role-altering strategies, and gender in college students’ expectations of work-family conflict. Sex Roles, 55(7–8), 535–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Whiston, S. C., & Sexton, T. L. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling & Development, 76(4), 412–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Sense Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cinamon, R.G. (2017). Exploration Process and Future Plans of Arabs and Jewish Israeli Young Adults. In: Sultana, R.G. (eds) Career Guidance and Livelihood Planning across the Mediterranean. EMCER. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-992-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-992-8_12

  • Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-6300-992-8

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics