Skip to main content

Developing a Critical Space Perspective in the Examination of the Racialization of Disabilities

  • Chapter
Deterritorializing/Reterritorializing

Abstract

Researchers have long argued that the spatial dimensions of our lives, in addition to the social and historical, have important practical and policy significance (Lefebvre, 1991; Soja, 1989, 2010). Although theorizing space has increased in recent years in a number of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, postcolonial studies, and economics, to name a few (Peake & Schein, 2000), it has been relatively under-theorized in education (Tate, 2008).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Annamma, S., Morrison, D., & Jackson, D. (2014). Disproportionality fills in the gaps: Connections between achievement, discipline, and special education in the school-to-prison pipeline. Berkeley Review of Education, 5(1), 53–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apple, M. W. (2006). Educating the “right” way: Markets, standards, God, and inequality (2nd ed.). New York, NY: RoutledgeFalmar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Artiles, A. J. (2003). Special education’s changing identity: Paradoxes and dilemmas in views of culture and space. Harvard Educational Review, 73(2), 164–202. doi:10.17763/haer.73.2.j78t573x377j7106

    Google Scholar 

  • Artiles, A. J. (2011). Toward an interdisciplinary understanding of educational equity and difference: The case of the racialization of ability. Educational Researcher, 40(9), 431–445. doi:10.3102/0013189X11429391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Artiles, A. J., Rueda, R., & Salazar, J. J. (2005). Within-group diversity in minority disproportionate representation: English language learners in urban school districts. Exceptional Children, 71(3), 283–300. doi:10.1177/001440290507100305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Au, W. (2013). Coring social studies within corporate education reform: The Common Core state standards, social justice, and the politics of knowledge in U.S. schools. Critical Education, 4(5), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. J., Maguire, M., & Braun, A. (2012). How schools do policy: Policy enactments in secondary schools. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobo, L. D. (2011). Somewhere between Jim Crow & post-racialism: Reflections on the racial divide in America today. Daedalus, 140(2), 11–36. doi:10.1162/DAED_a_00091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2015). The structure of racism in color-blind, “post-racial” America. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(11), 1358–1376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2006). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavendish, W., Artiles, A. J., & Harry, B. (2014). Tracking inequality 60 years after Brown: Does policy legitimize the racialization of disability? Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners, 14(2), 30–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crampton, J. W., & Krygier, J. (2005). An introduction to critical cartography. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 4(1), 11–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Agord, C., Munk, T., & O’Hara, N. (2012). Looking at race/ethnicity disproportionality in special education from the student outcomes side of the educational system: Why analyzing disproportionality matters for results improvement planning. Paper presented at the meeting of the IDEA Leadership Conference, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diem, S., Cleary, C., Ali, N., & Frankenberg, E. (2014). The politics of maintaining diversity policies in demographically changing urban-suburban school districts. American Journal of Education, 120(3), 351–389. doi:10.1086/675532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood, S. A. (2002). GIS use in community planning: A multidimensional analysis of empowerment. Environment and Planning, 34(5), 905–922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frankenberg, E., & Orfield, G. (2012). The resegregation of suburban schools: A hidden crisis in American education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, W. H. (2011). Melting pot cities and suburbs: Racial and ethnic change in metro America in the 2000s. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Report. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2011/04/06-census-diversity-frey

    Google Scholar 

  • Gándara, P. C., & Aldana, U. S. (2014). Who’s segregated now? Latinos, language, and the future of integrated schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(5), 735–748. doi:10.1177/0013161X14549957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gándara, P. C., & Hopkins, M. (Eds.). (2010). Forbidden languages: English learners and restrictive language policies. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghose, R. (2001). Use of information technology for community empowerment: Transforming geographic information systems into community information systems. Transactions in GIS, 5(2), 141–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez, T., Tefera, A., & Artiles, A. J. (2015). The intersections of language differences and learning disabilities: Narratives in action. In M. Bigelow & J. Ennser-Kananen (Eds.), Handbook of educational linguistics (pp. 145–157). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harry, B., & Klingner, J. (2014). Why are so many minority students in special education? Understanding race and disability in schools (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, W. A. (1999). From the field: Observations on using GIS to develop a neighborhood environmental information system for community-based organizations. Urisa Journal, 11(1), 15–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knigge, D., & Cope, M. (2006). Grounded visualization: Integrating the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data through grounded theory and visualization. Environment and Planning, 38(11), 2021–2037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramarczuk Voulgarides, C. (2015). Special education law and disproportionality: Does compliance matter? (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). New York University, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramarczuk Voulgarides, C., Aylward, A., & Noguera, P. A. (2014). The elusive quest for equity: An analysis of how contextual factors contribute to the likelihood of school districts being legally cited for racial disproportionality in special education. The Journal of Law in Society, 15(2), 241–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwan, M. (2002a). Feminist visualization: Re-envisioning GIS as a method in feminist geographic research. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(4), 645–661. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwan, M. (2002b). Is GIS for women? Reflection on the critical discourse in the 1990s. Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 9(3), 271–279. doi:10.1080/0966369022000003888

  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Original work published 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipman, P. (2004). High-stakes testing: Inequality, globalization, and urban school reform. New York, NY: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Losen, D. J., Ee, J., Hodson, C., & Martinez, T. E. (2015). Disturbing inequities: Exploring the relationship between racial disparities in special education identification and discipline. In D. J. Losen (Ed.), Closing the school discipline gap: Equitable remedies for excessive exclusion (pp. 89–106). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losen, D. J., & Orfield, G. (2002). Racial inequity in special education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orfield G., & Frankenberg, E. (2008). The last have become first: Rural and small town America lead way the way on desegregation. Los Angeles, CA: Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orfield, G., & Frankenberg, E. (2014). Increasingly segregated and unequal schools as courts reverse policy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(5), 718–734. doi:10.1177/0013161X14548942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oswald, D. P., Coutinho, M. J., Best, A. M., & Singh, N. N. (1999). Ethnic representation in special education: The influence of school-related economic and demographic variables. The Journal of Special Education, 32, 194–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacheco, D., & VĂ©lez, V. N. (2009). Maps, mapmaking, and critical pedagogy: Exploring GIS and maps as a teaching tool for social change. Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8(1), 273–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peake, L., & Schein, R. H. (2000). Racing geography into the new millennium: Studies of “race” and North American geographies. Social & Cultural Geography, 1(2), 133–142. doi:10.1080/14649360020010158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picower, B., & Mayorga, E. (Eds.). (2015). What’s race got to do with it? How current school reform policy maintains racial and economic inequality. New York, NY: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J.(2012). Racing to justice: Transforming our conceptions of self and other to build an inclusive society. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, M. P. (2014). The gerrymandering of school attendance zones and the segregation of public schools: A geospatial analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 51(6), 1119–1157. doi:10.3102/0002831214553652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rios-Aguilar, C. (2013). Mapping (in)opportunity in educational research [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.niusileadscape.org/bl/page/4/

    Google Scholar 

  • Skiba, R. J., Chung, C. G., Trachok, M., Baker, T., Sheya, A., & Hughes, R. (2015). Where should we intervene? Contributions of behavior, student, and school characteristics to out-of-school suspension. In D. J. Losen (Ed.), Closing the school discipline gap: Equitable remedies for excessive exclusion (pp. 132–146). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soja. E. W. (1989). Postmodern geographies: The reassertion of space in critical social theory. Brooklyn, NY: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soja, E. W. (1996). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minneapolis Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • SolĂłrzano, D., & VĂ©lez, V. N. (2007). Critical race spatial analysis along the Alameda Corridor in Los Angeles. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Education Research Association Conference, Chicago, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tate, W. F. IV. (2008). “Geography of opportunity”: Poverty, place, and educational outcomes. Educational Researcher, 37(7), 397–411. doi:10.3102/0013189X08326409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tefera, A. A., & Kramarczuk Voulgarides, C. (in press). Is educational policy alleviating or perpetuating the racialization of disabilities? An examination of “big-p” and “little-p” policies. NSSE Yearbook, Teachers College Record, 118(14).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tefera, A. A., Frankenberg, E., & Siegel-Hawley, G. (2010). Integrating suburban schools: How to benefit from growing diversity and avoid segregation. Los Angeles, CA: The Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trudeau, D., & McMorran, C. (2011). The geographies of marginalization. In V. J. Del Casino, M. E. Thomas, P. Cloke, & R. Panelli (Eds.), A companion to social geography (pp. 437–457). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census. (2015). Projections of the size and composition of the U.S. population: 2014 to 2060. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf

  • VĂ©lez, V., & SolĂłrzano, D. G. (in press). Critical race spatial analysis: Conceptualizing GIS as a tool for critical race research in education. In A. Morrison & D. Jackson (Eds.), The spatial search to understand and address educational inequity to inform praxis. Sterling, VA: Stylus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waitoller, F. R., Artiles, A. J., & Cheney, D. A. (2010). The miner’s canary: A review of overrepresentation research and explanations. The Journal of Special Education, 44(1), 29–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Sense Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tefera, A.A., Aguilar, C.R., Artiles, A.J., Voulgarides, C.K., VĂ©lez, V. (2017). Developing a Critical Space Perspective in the Examination of the Racialization of Disabilities. In: Ares, N., BuendĂ­a, E., Helfenbein, R. (eds) Deterritorializing/Reterritorializing. Breakthroughs in the Sociology of Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-977-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-977-5_12

  • Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-6300-977-5

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics