Abstract
The prime “raw material” for constructing ethnicity is usually the past—history (Eller, 1999). It is collective memory of the past that binds a group of people together. According to Anthony D. Smith (1996, p. 383), ethnic, national, or religious identities are built on historical myths that define who a group member is, what it means to be a group member, and, typically, who the group’s enemies are.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Apple, M. W., & Christian-Smith, L. K. (1991). The politics of the textbook. New York, NY: Routledge.
Barme, G. (1993). History for the masses. In J. Unger (Ed.), Using the past to serve the present: Historiography and politics in contemporary China (pp. 260–286). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Callahan, W. A. (2006). History, identity and security: Producing and consuming nationalism in China. Critical Asian Studies, 38(2), 179–208.
“China boosts ‘red tourism’ in revolutionary bases.” (2005, February 22). Xinhua. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/government/120838.htm
CNN. (2005, April 16). Japan seeks China talks on riots. CNN.
Cohen, P. A. (2009). Speaking to history: The story of King Goujian in twentieth-century China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Cole, L., & Barsalou, J. (2006). United or divide? The challenges of teaching history in societies emerging from violent conflict (Special Report 163). Washington, DC: United Institute of Peace.
CPC Central Committee. (1991, August). Guanyu chongfeng liyong wenwu jinxing aiguozhuyi he geming chuantong jiaoyu de tongzhi [Notice about conducting education of patriotism and revolutionary tradition by exploiting extensively cultural relics]. Beijing, China: Government Printing Office.
CPC Central Committee. (1994, August). Aiguo zhuyi jiaoyu shishi gangyao [Outline on the implementation of education in patriotism]. Beijing, China: Government Printing Office.
CPC Central Committee. (2004, October 3). Guanyu jiaqiang aiguozhuyi jiaoyu jidi gongzuo de yijiang [Opinions on strengthening and improving the work of patriotic education bases]. Renmin ribao [People’s Daily].
Crothall, G. (1994, July 10). Patriotic patter winning students. South China Morning Post.
Eller, J. D. (1999). From culture to ethnicity to conflict: An anthropological perspective on international ethnic conflict. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Fukuyama, F. (2007). The new nationalism and the strategic architecture of Northeast Asia. Asia Policy, 3, 38–41.
Genron NPO & China Daily. (2014). The 10th Japan-China joint public opinion poll. Retrieved from http://www.genron-npo.net/en/pp/archives/5153.html
Gong, G. W. (Ed.). (2001). Memory and history in East and Southeast Asia. Washington, DC: CSIS Press.
Gries, P. H. (1999). Face nationalism: Power and passion in Chinese anti-foreignism (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley, CA.
Gries, P. H. (2004). China’s new nationalism: Pride, politics, and diplomacy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Guo, Y. (1998). Patriotic villains and patriotic heroes: Chinese literary nationalism in the 1990s. In W. Safran (Ed.), Nationalism and ethnoregional identities in China (pp. 163–188). London, UK: Routledge.
Halbwachs, M. (1992). On collective memory (L. A. Coser, Ed. and Trans.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Hamrin, C., & Wang, Z. (2004). The floating island: Change of paradigm on the Taiwan question. Journal of Contemporary China, 13(39), 339–349.
Hein, L., & Selden, M. (2000). The lessons of war, global power, and social change. In L. Hein & M. Selden (Eds.), Censoring history: Citizenship and memory in Japan, Germany, and the United States (pp. 3–50). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Johnston, A. I. (2015). What (if anything) does East Asia tell us about international relations theory? Annual Review of Political Science, 15, 53–78.
Kahn, J. (2006, January 25). China shuts down influential weekly newspaper in crackdown on media. New York Times.
MacKinnon, R. (1999, May 8). Protesters attack U.S. Embassy in Beijing. CNN.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1848). Communist manifesto. Retrieved from https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf
Mehlinger, H. D. (1985). International textbook revision: Examples from the United States. Internationale Schulbuchforschung, 7, 287–298.
Ministry of Education. (1991, August). Zhongxiaoxue jiaqiang jindai xiandaishi he guoqing jiaoyu de zongti gangyao [General outline on strengthening education on Chinese modern and contemporary history and national conditions in primary and middle school]. Beijing, China: Government Printing Office.
Ministry of Education. (2002). Lishi jiaoxue dagang [Teaching guideline for history education]. Beijing, China: People’s Education Press. Retrieved from http://wenku.baidu.com/view/6953e68583d049649b665847.html
Mo wang guochi [Never forget our national humiliation]. (2002). Zhengzhou, China: Haiyan Chubanshe (Haiyan Press).
Pan, P. P. (2006, January 25). Leading publication shut down in China. Washington Post.
People’s Education Press. (1992a). Chuji Zhongxue jiaokeshu zhongguo lishi [Middle school textbook Chinese history]. Beijing, China: Author.
People’s Education Press. (1992b). Gaoji Zhongxue keben zhongguo jixiandaishi [High school textbook Chinese modern and contemporary history]. Beijing, China: Author.
Podeh, E. (2000). History and memory in the Israeli educational system: The portrayal of the Arab-Israeli conflict in history textbooks (1948–2000). History and Memory, 12(1), 65–100.
Pyle, K. B. (2007). Reading the new era in Asia: The use of history and culture in the making of foreign policy. Asia Policy, 3, 29–37.
Reuters. (2007, December 21). “Red tourism” booming in China.
Smith, A. D. (1986). The ethnic origins of nations. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Smith, A. D. (1996). Memory and modernity: Reflections on Ernest Gellner’s theory of nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 2(3), 371–388.
Unger, J. (Ed.). (1993). Using the past to serve the present: Historiography and politics in contemporary China. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Wang, Z. (2008). National humiliation, history education, and the politics of historical memory. International Studies Quarterly, 52(4), 783–806.
Wang, Z. (2012). Never forget national humiliation: Historical memory in Chinese politics and foreign relations. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Wang, Z. (2013). Perception gaps, identity clashes. In T. Arai, S. Goto, & Z. Wang (Eds.), Clash of national identities: China, Japan and the East China sea territorial dispute (pp. 9–18). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center.
Wang, Z. (2015). Chinese discourse on the ‘nine-dashed line’: Rights, interests, and nationalism. Asian Survey, 55(3), 502–524.
Yuan, W. (2006, January 11). Xiandaihua yu lishi jiaokeshu [Modernization and history textbooks]. Bingdian weekly supplement to China Youth Daily.
Zhao, S. (1998). A state-led nationalism: The patriotic education campaign in post-Tiananmen China. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 31(3), 287–302.
Zhao, S. (2004). A nation-state by construction: Dynamics of modern Chinese nationalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, Z. (2017). History Education, Domestic Narratives, and China’s International Behavior. In: Bellino, M.J., Williams, J.H. (eds) (Re)Constructing Memory: Education, Identity, and Conflict. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-860-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-860-0_8
Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Online ISBN: 978-94-6300-860-0
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)