Abstract
Finnish teachers have been the focus of interest of the international media, public decision makers and politicians as well as researchers into teaching. The results of Finnish pupils in PISA have encouraged many people to inquire about the characteristics and atmosphere of Finnish schools, especially the working conditions, as well as the enthusiastic, committed orientation of Finnish teachers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albert, M. (2006). Realizing hope: Life beyond capitalism. London & New York, NY: Zed Books.
Amsler, S. (2008). Hope. In The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of sociology online. Retrieved from http://www.sociologyencyclopedia.com/public
Amsler. (2009). Promising futures: “Education” as a resource of hope in post-socialist society. Europe- Asia Studies, 61(7), 1189–1206.
Beck, S. (2008). The teacher’s role and approaches in a knowledge society. Cambridge Journal of Education, 38(4), 465–481.
Bonnet, M. (2002). Education for sustainability as a frame of mind. Environmental Education Research, 8(1), 9–20.
Boyd, D., Grossman, P., Ing, M., Lankford, H., Loeb, S., & Wyckoff, J. (2011). The influence of school administrators on teacher retention decisions. American Educational Research Journal, 48(2), 303–333.
Brophy, J. E. (1982). How teachers influence what is taught and learned in classrooms. Elementary School Journal, 83(1), 1–14.
Bruner, J. (1996). The culture of education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Buchmann, M. (1986). Role over person: Morality and authenticity in teaching. Teachers College Record, 87(4), 529–543.
Carnoy, M., Gove, A., & Marshall, J. (2007). Cuba’s academic advantage. Why students in Cuba do better in school? Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Castells, M., & Himanen, P. (2002). The information society and the welfare state. The Finnish model. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Coben, D. C. (2002). Metaphors for an educative politics: ‘Common sense,’ ‘good sense,’ and educating adults. In C. Borg, J. Buttigieg, & P. Mayo (Eds.), Gramsci and education (pp. 263–290). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Cook-Sather, A. (2002). Authorizing students’ perspectives: Toward trust, dialogue, and change in education. Educational Researcher, 31(4), 3–14.
Curson-Hobson, A. (2002). A pedagogy of trust in higher learning. Teaching in Higher Education, 7(3), 265–276.
Durkheim, E. (1956). Education and sociology. Glencoe, NY: Free Press.
Dzur, A. W. (2008). Democratic professionalism: Citizen participation and the reconstruction of professional ethics, identity, and practice. Pennsylvania, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
Elster, J. (1989). Cement of society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Finnish National Board of Education. (2014). Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteet 2014 [National Core Curriculum of Basic Education 2014]. Retrieved December 18, 2015, from http://www.oph.fi/download/163777_perusopetuksen_opetussuunnitelman_perusteet_2014.pdf
Gambetta, D. (1988). Can we trust trust? In D. Gambetta (Ed.), Trust: Making and breaking cooperative relations (pp. 213–237). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Gholami, K., & Husu, J. (2010). How do teachers reason about their practice? Representing the epistemic nature of teachers’ practical knowledge. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(6), 1520–1529.
Giroux, H. A. (1989). Schooling for democracy: Critical pedagogy in the modern age. London: Routledge.
Giroux, H. A. (Ed.). (1997). Pedagogy and the politics of hope: Theory, culture, and schooling, a critical reader. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Giroux, H. A. (2002). Educated hope in an age of privatized visions. Cultural Studies ´ Critical Methodologies, 2(1), 93–112.
Giroux, H. A. (2005). Schooling and the struggle for public life: Democracy’s promise and education’s challenge. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
Green, J. M. (2008). Pragmatism and social hope: Deepening democracy in global contexts. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Halliday, J. (1998). Technicism, reflective practice and authenticity in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 14(6), 597–605.
Halpin, D. (2003). Hope and education: The role of the Utopian imagination. London/New York, NY: RoutledgeFalmer.
Hanhimäki, E., & Tirri, K. (2009). Education for ethically sensitive teaching in critical incidents at school. The Journal of Education for Teaching, 35(2), 107–121.
Hargreaves, A. (1998). The emotional politics of teaching and teacher development: With implications for educational leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1(3), 315–336.
Harjunen, E. (2009). How do teachers view their own pedagogical authority? Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 15(1), 109–129.
Hautamäki, J., Arinen, P., Hautamäki, A., Ikonen-Varila, L., Kupiainen, S., Lindblom, B., et al. (2000). Oppimaan Oppiminen Yläasteella [Learning to Learn at Upper Level of Comprehensive School]. Oppimistulosten arviointi 7/2000. Helsinki: Opetushallitus.
Heikonen, L., Pietarinen, J., Pyhältö, K., Toom, A., & Soini, T. (2016). Early career teachers’ sense of professional agency in the classroom: Associations with turnover intentions and perceived inadequacy in teacher-student interaction. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education. doi: 10.1080/ 1359866X.2016.1169505
Husu, J. (2002). Representing the practice of teachers’ pedagogical knowing (Research in Educational Sciences 9). Turku: Finnish Educational Research Association.
Husu, J., & Tirri, K. (2001). Teachers’ ethical choices in socio-moral settings. Journal of Moral Education, 30(4), 361–375.
Husu, J., & Tirri, K. (2007). Developing whole school pedagogical values: A case of going through the ethos of “good schooling”. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(4), 390–401.
Husu, J., & Toom, A. (2010). Opettaminen neuvotteluna – oppiminen osallisuutena: Opettajuus demokraattisena professiona [Teaching as negotiation – learning as participation: Teacher work as democratic profession]. In A. Kallioniemi, A. Toom, M. Ubani, & H. Linnansaari (Eds.), Akateeminen Luokanopettajakoulutus: 30 Vuotta Teoriaa, Käytäntöä ja Maistereita [Academic Class Teacher Education: 30 Years of Theory, Practice and Masters] (pp. 133–147). Research in Educational Sciences 52. Turku: Finnish Educational Research Association.
Husu, J., Toom, A., & Patrikainen, S. (2008). Guided reflection as a means to demonstrate and develop student teachers’ reflective competencies. Reflective Practice, 9(1), 37–51.
Ilomäki, L. (2008). The effects of ICT on school: Teachers’ and students’ perspectives (Doctoral dissertation Series B, Humaniora, 314). University of Turku, Turku.
Inglis, F. (Ed.). (2004). Education and the good society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Iverson, H. L., Lewis, M. A., & Talbot, R. M., III. (2008). Building a framework for determining the authenticity of instructional tasks within teacher education programs. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24, 290–302.
Jakku-Sihvonen, R. (2002). Main results of the assessments concerning primary and secondary education between 1995 and 2002. In R. Jakku-Sihvonen (Ed.), Evaluation and outcomes in finland – Main results in 1995–2002 (pp. 11–27). Evaluation 10/2002. Helsinki: National Board of Education.
Juujärvi, S., Myyry, L., & Pesso, K. (2010). Does care reasoning make a difference? Relations between care, justice and dispositional empathy. Journal of Moral Education, 39(4), 469–489.
Juuti, K., Krzywacki, H., Toom, A., & Lavonen, J. (2011). Aineenopettajaksi opiskelevien näkemyksiä reflektoinnin oppimisen merkityksestä opettajaksi kehittymisessä [The subject teachers’ views about the importance of reflection during the professional development process]. In L. Tainio, K. Juuti, A. Kallioniemi, P. Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, & A. Uitto (Eds.), Näkökulmia Tutkimusperustaiseen Opetukseen [Various Perspectives to Research-based Teaching] (pp. 37–50). Helsinki: Suomen ainedidaktinen tutkimusseura.
Kreber, C. (2010). Academics’ teacher identities, authenticity and pedagogy. Studies in Higher Education, 35(2), 171–194.
Kansanen, P. Tirri, K., Meri, M., Krokfors, L., Husu, J., & Jyrhämä, R. (2000). Teachers’ pedagogical thinking: Theoretical landscapes, practical challenges. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Kohl, H. (1998). The discipline of hope. Learning from the life of teaching. New York, NY: The New Press.
Lakkala, M. (2010). How to design educational settings to promote collaborative inquiry: Pedagogical infrastructures for technology-enhanced progressive inquiry (Doctoral Dissertation). Studies in Psychology, University of Helsinki, Department of Psychology, Helsinki.
Laukkanen, R. (2008). Finnish strategy for high-level education for all. In N. C. Soguel & P. Jaccard (Eds.), Governance and performance of education systems (pp. 305–324). Dordrecht: Springer.
Lieberman, A., & Pointer Mace, D. (2010). Making practice public: Teacher learning in the 21st Century. Journal of Teacher Education, 61(1–2), 77–88.
Lortie, D. C. (1975). Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Mancuso, S. V., Roberts, L., & White, G. P. (2011). Teacher retention in international schools: The key role of school leadership. Journal of Research in International Education, 9(3), 306–323.
McInerney, P. (2007). From naive optimism to robust hope: Sustaining a commitment to social justice in schools and teacher education in neoliberal times. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 35(3), 257–272.
Muukkonen, H. (2011). Perspectives on knowledge creating inquiry in higher education (Doctoral dissertation). Studies in Psychology, University of Helsinki, Department of Psychology, Helsinki.
National Core Curriculum for Basic Education. (2004). Helsinki: Finnish National Board of Education.
Niemi, H. (2011). Educating student teachers to become high quality professionals: A Finnish case. CEPS Journal, 1(1), 43–66.
Niikko, A. (2004). Education: A joint task for parents, kindergarten teachers and kindergarten student teachers. International Journal of Early Years Education, 12(3), 259–274.
Noddings, N. (2002). Starting at home: Caring and social policy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
OECD. (2014). Education at a glance 2014: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2014-en
OECD Report. (2003). Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers. Country Background Report for Finland. Helsinki: The Ministry of Education.
Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: A further update. Education Economics, 12(2), 111–134.
Pyhältö, K., Soini, T., & Pietarinen, J. (2011). A systemic perspective on school reform: Principals’ and chief education officers’ perspectives on school development. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(1), 46–61.
Renner, A. (2009). Teaching community, praxis, and courage: A foundations of pedagogy of hope and humanization. Educational Studies, 45(1), 59–79.
Renner, A., & Brow, M. (2006). A hopeful curriculum: Community, praxis, and courage. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 22(2), 101–122.
Rinne, R., Kivirauma, J., & Simola, H. (2002). Shoots of revisionist education policy or just slow readjustment? The Finnish case of educational reconstruction. Journal of Education Policy, 17(6), 643–658.
Rorty, R. (1999). Philosophy and social hope. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
Salhberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning: The Finnish approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22(2), 147–171.
Salhberg, P. (2010). Educational change in Finland. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, & D. Hopkins (Eds.), Second international handbook of educational change (Pt. 1, pp. 323–347). New York, NY: Springer.
Simola, H. (2005). The Finnish miracle of PISA: Historical and sociological remarks on teaching and teacher education. Comparative Education, 41(4), 455–470.
Singh, M., & Han, J. (2007). Making hope robust in teacher education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 35(3), 223–225.
Sockett, H. (2009). Dispositions as virtues: The complexity of the construct. Journal of Teacher Education, 60(3), 291–303.
Soini, T., Pyhältö, K., & Pietarinen, J. (2010). Pedagogical well-being: Reflecting learning and well-being in teachers’ work. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 16(6), 735–751.
Spiecker, B. (1990). Forms of trust in education and development. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 10(2), 157–164.
Thrupp, M., & Tomlinson, S. (2005). Introduction: Education policy, social justice and ‘complex hope’. British Educational Research Journal, 31(5), 549–556.
Tirri, K. (2003). The teacher’s integrity. In F. Oser & W. Veugelers (Eds.), Teaching in moral and democratic education (pp. 65–81). Bern: Peter Lang.
Tirri, K., & Husu, J. (2002). Care and responsibility in “the best interest of a child”: Relational voices of ethical dilemmas in teaching. Teachers & Teaching: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 65–80.
Tirri, K., Toom, A., & Husu, J. (2013). The moral matters of teaching: A Finnish perspective. In C. J. Graig, P. C. Meijer, & J. Broeckmans (Eds.), From teacher thinking to teachers and teaching: The evolution of a research community (pp. 223–239). Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
Toom, A. (2006). Tacit pedagogical knowing: At the core of teacher’s professionality (Research Reports 276). University of Helsinki: Department of Applied Sciences of Education.
Troman, G. (2000). Teacher stress in the low-trust society. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 21(3), 331–353.
VAKAVA Statistics. (2010). Retrieved June 1, 2011, from http://www.helsinki.fi/vakava/hakijamaarat.html
VAKAVA Statistics. (2011). Retrieved June 1, 2011, from http://www.helsinki.fi/vakava/hakijamaarat.html
Webb, R., Vulliamy, G., Hämäläinen, S., Sarja, A., Kimonen, E., & Nevalainen, R. (2004). Pressures, rewards and teacher retention: A comparative study of primary teaching in England and Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 48(2), 169–188.
Westbrook, R. (2005). Democratic hope: Pragmatism and the politics of truth. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Woods, P. (1995). Creative teachers in primary schools. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Toom, A., Husu, J. (2016). Finnish Teachers as ‘Makers of the Many’. In: Niemi, H., Toom, A., Kallioniemi, A. (eds) Miracle of Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-776-4_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-776-4_3
Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Online ISBN: 978-94-6300-776-4
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)