Abstract
Fortifications, especially enclosing walls, are common features in large African political centers and have been widely studied (Connah, 1975; Ozanne, 1969; Posnansky, 1969; Soper & Darling, 1980; Amutabi, 2012; Darling, 2016). African city walls consist of enclosures, either single or multiple, that entirely or partially surround habitation. Various materials were employed in their construction. This includes stone, clay or earth with banks and ditches, timber stockades or naturally grown vegetation. The increasing interest in the periphery of large Africa polities has revealed that the walling systems were more widespread than previously thought.
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Usman, A. (2016). Enclosures of Northern Yorubaland, Nigeria. In: Emeagwali, G., Shizha, E. (eds) African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences. Anti-colonial Educational Perspectives for Transformative Change. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-515-9_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-515-9_12
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