Abstract
In the aftermath of the 1998 shocking revelations about doping in cycling and other sports, doping usage was put firmly on the political agenda.
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Notes
- 1.
Fischetto and Bermon 2013: The application of gene editing science for the purposes of enhancing athletes’ performance is possible. WADA has taken pre-emptive measures by prohibiting all gene manipulation or modification practices with the potential to enhance sport performance.
- 2.
Park and Kim 2017.
- 3.
See European Commission 2017.
References
European Commission (2017) Anti-Doping & Data Protection: An evaluation of the anti-doping laws and practices in the EU Member States in the light of the GDPR. https://ec.europa.eu/sport/news/20171023-study-anti-doping-data-protection_en Accessed 6 November 2017.
Fischetto G, Bermon S (2013) From Gene Engineering to Gene Modulation and Manipulation: Can We Prevent or Detect Gene Doping in Sports? Springer International Publishing 43(10): 965–977.
Park K, Kim A (2017) Neuro-Doping (tDCS): The Rise of a Loophole to Get Around Anti-Doping Policy, 2017 North America Society for Sport Management Conference https://www.nassm.com/files/conf_abstracts/2017-118.pdf Accessed 5 July 2018.
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van der Sloot, B., Paun, M., Leenes, R. (2020). Introduction. In: Athletes’ Human Rights and the Fight Against Doping: A Study of the European Legal Framework. ASSER International Sports Law Series. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-351-1_1
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